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| scout-s siemens codec with s/t transceiver psb 21381/2 version 1.3 scout-sx siemens codec with s/t transceiver featuring speakerphone functionality psb 21383/4 version 1.3 data sheet, ds 1, march 2001 wired communications never stop thinking.
edition 2001-03-12 published by infineon technologies ag, st.-martin-strasse 53, d-81541 mnchen, germany ? infineon technologies ag 2001. all rights reserved. attention please! the information herein is given to describe certain components and shall not be considered as warranted characteristics. terms of delivery and rights to technical change reserved. we hereby disclaim any and all warranties, including but not limited to warranties of non-infringement, regarding circuits, descriptions and charts stated herein. infineon technologies is an approved cecc manufacturer. information for further information on technology, delivery terms and conditions and prices please contact your nearest infineon technologies office in germany or our infineon technologies representatives worldwide (see address list). warnings due to technical requirements components may contain dangerous substances. for information on the types in question please contact your nearest infineon technologies office. infineon technologies components may only be used in life-support devices or systems with the express written approval of infineon technologies, if a failure of such components can reasonably be expected to cause the failure of that life-support device or system, or to affect the safety or effectiveness of that device or system. life support devices or systems are intended to be implanted in the human body, or to support and/or maintain and sustain and/or protect human life. if they fail, it is reasonable to assume that the health of the user or other persons may be endangered. wired communications scout-s siemens codec with s/t transceiver psb 21381/2 version 1.3 scout-sx siemens codec with s/t transceiver featuring speakerphone functionality psb 21383/4 version 1.3 data sheet, ds 1, march 2001 never stop thinking. for questions on technology, delivery and prices please contact the infineon technologies offices in germany or the infineon technologies companies and representatives worldwide: see our webpage at http://www.infineon.com psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 revision history: 2001-03-12 ds 1 previous version: 09.99 page subjects (major changes since last revision) 35 figure with clock signals added 67 bcl=? 0? changed to bcl=?1? 90 bcl changed from ?low? to ?high? 118 note regarding axi input added 169 170 bcl is inverted compared to last description (ds1); figure added 173 ? rising ? bcl edge changed to ? falling ? edge 245 figure 95 modified 250 251 timings added 251 power supply currents added psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 page data sheet 2001-03-12 table of contents 1 overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 1.1 features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 1.2 pin configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 1.3 logic symbol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 1.4 pin definitions and function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 1.5 typical applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14 1.6 general functions and device architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20 2 interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22 2.1 microcontroller interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23 2.1.1 serial control interface (sci) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24 2.1.1.1 programming sequences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26 2.1.2 parallel microcontroller interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30 2.1.3 interrupt structure and logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32 2.1.4 microcontroller clock generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34 2.2 iom-2 interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35 2.2.1 iom-2 frame structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36 2.2.2 iom-2 handler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37 2.2.2.1 controller data access (cda) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39 2.2.3 serial data strobe signal and strobed data clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47 2.2.3.1 serial data strobe signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47 2.2.3.2 strobed iom-2 bit clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49 2.2.4 iom-2 monitor channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50 2.2.4.1 handshake procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52 2.2.4.2 error treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55 2.2.4.3 monitor channel programming as a master device . . . . . . . . . . . .57 2.2.4.4 monitor channel programming as a slave device . . . . . . . . . . . . .57 2.2.4.5 monitor time-out procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59 2.2.4.6 monitor interrupt logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59 2.2.5 c/i channel handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60 2.2.5.1 cic interrupt logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60 2.2.6 settings after reset (see also chapter 7.3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61 2.2.7 d-channel access control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62 2.2.7.1 tic bus d-channel access control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62 2.2.7.2 s-bus priority mechanism for d-channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64 2.2.8 activation/deactivation of iom-2 interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67 2.3 s/t interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70 2.3.1 wiring configurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70 2.3.2 frame structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72 2.3.3 multi-framing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74 2.3.3.1 interrupt handling for multi-framing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75 2.3.4 line code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75 2.3.5 phase deviation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76 psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 page data sheet 2001-03-12 table of contents 2.3.6 data transfer and delay between iom and s/t interface . . . . . . . . . . .76 2.3.7 control of layer-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77 2.3.7.1 internal layer-1 statemachine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78 2.3.7.2 external layer-1 statemachine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87 2.3.8 level detection and power down . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90 2.3.9 transceiver enable/disable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90 2.3.10 test functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91 2.3.10.1 transceiver tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91 2.3.10.2 test signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .92 2.3.11 transmitter characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .92 2.3.12 receiver characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 2.3.13 interface circuitry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 2.3.13.1 external protection circuitry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 3 hdlc controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97 3.1 message transfer modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97 3.1.1 non-auto mode (mds2-0 = ? 01x ? ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .98 3.1.2 transparent mode 0 (mds2-0 = ? 110 ? ). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .98 3.1.3 transparent mode 1 (mds2-0 = ? 111 ? ). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .98 3.1.4 transparent mode 2 (mds2-0 = ? 101 ? ). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .98 3.1.5 extended transparent mode (mds2-0 = ? 100 ? ). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .98 3.2 data reception . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .98 3.2.1 structure and control of the receive fifo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .98 3.2.1.1 general description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .98 3.2.1.2 possible error conditions during reception of frames . . . . . . . . . . .102 3.2.1.3 data reception procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .103 3.2.2 receive frame structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105 3.3 data transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107 3.3.1 structure and control of the transmit fifo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107 3.3.1.1 general description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107 3.3.1.2 possible error conditions during transmission of frames . . . . . . . .109 3.3.1.3 data transmission procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .110 3.3.2 transmit frame structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .112 3.4 access to iom channels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .112 3.5 extended transparent mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113 3.5.1 transmitter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113 3.5.2 receiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113 3.6 hdlc controller interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 3.7 test functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .115 4 codec . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .116 4.1 analog front end (afe) description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .117 4.1.1 afe attenuation plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .118 4.2 signal processor (dsp) description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .120 psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 page data sheet 2001-03-12 table of contents 4.2.1 transmit signal processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122 4.2.2 receive signal processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122 4.2.3 programmable coefficients for transmit and receive . . . . . . . . . . . . .124 4.3 tone generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125 4.3.1 four signal generators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125 4.3.2 sequence generator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125 4.3.3 control generator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .128 4.3.4 tone filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .130 4.3.5 tone level adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .132 4.3.6 dtmf mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .132 4.4 speakerphone support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .134 4.4.1 attenuation control unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .135 4.4.2 speakerphone test function and self adaption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .136 4.4.3 speech detector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .136 4.4.3.1 background noise monitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .137 4.4.3.2 signal processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .138 4.4.4 speech comparators (sc) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .139 4.4.4.1 speech comparator at the acoustic side (scae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .139 4.4.4.2 speech comparator at the line side (scle) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .142 4.4.4.3 automatic gain control of the transmit direction (agcx) . . . . . . . .144 4.4.5 automatic gain control of the receive direction (agcr) . . . . . . . . . . .147 4.4.6 speakerphone coefficient set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .150 4.5 controlled monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .152 4.6 voice data manipulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .152 4.7 test functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .154 4.8 programming of the codec . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .155 4.8.1 indirect programming of the codec (sop, cop, xop) . . . . . . . . . . . .155 4.8.1.1 description of the command word (cmdw) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .156 4.8.2 direct programming of the codec . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .158 4.8.2.1 cram back-up procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .158 4.8.3 reference tables for the register and cram locations . . . . . . . . . . .160 5 clock generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .169 5.1 jitter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .170 5.1.1 jitter on iom-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .170 5.1.2 jitter on s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .170 5.1.3 jitter on mclk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .170 6 reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .171 6.1 reset source selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .172 6.2 external reset input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .173 6.3 software reset register (sres) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .173 6.4 pin behavior during reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .173 psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 page data sheet 2001-03-12 table of contents 7 detailed register description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .174 7.1 hdlc control and c/i registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .181 7.1.1 rfifo - receive fifo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .181 7.1.2 xfifo - transmit fifo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .181 7.1.3 istah - interrupt status register hdlc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .182 7.1.4 maskh - mask register hdlc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .183 7.1.5 star - status register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .183 7.1.6 cmdr - command register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .184 7.1.7 modeh - mode register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .185 7.1.8 exmr- extended mode register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .186 7.1.9 timr - timer register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .188 7.1.10 sap1 - sapi1 register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .188 7.1.11 rbcl - receive frame byte count low . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .189 7.1.12 sap2 - sapi2 register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .189 7.1.13 rbch - receive frame byte count high . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .189 7.1.14 tei1 - tei1 register 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .190 7.1.15 rsta - receive status register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .191 7.1.16 tei2 - tei2 register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .192 7.1.17 tmh -test mode register hdlc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .193 7.1.18 cir0 - command/indication receive 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .194 7.1.19 cix0 - command/indication transmit 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .195 7.1.20 cir1 - command/indication receive 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .195 7.1.21 cix1 - command/indication transmit 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .196 7.2 transceiver, interrupt and general configuration registers . . . . . . . . . . .197 7.2.1 tr_conf0 - transceiver configuration register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .197 7.2.2 tr_conf1 - receiver configuration register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .198 7.2.3 tr_conf2 - transmitter configuration register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .198 7.2.4 tr_sta - transceiver status register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .199 7.2.5 tr_cmd - transceiver command register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .200 7.2.6 sqrr- s/q-channel receive register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .201 7.2.7 sqxr- s/q-channel transmit register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .201 7.2.8 istatr - interrupt status register transceiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .202 7.2.9 masktr - mask transceiver interrupt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .203 7.2.10 ista - interrupt status register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .204 7.2.11 mask - mask register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .205 7.2.12 mode1 - mode1 register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .205 7.2.13 mode2 - mode2 register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .208 7.2.14 id - identification register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .208 7.2.15 sres - software reset register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .209 7.3 iom-2 and monitor handler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .209 7.3.1 cdaxy - controller data access register xy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 7.3.2 xxx_tsdpxy - time slot and data port selection for chxy . . . . . . . .210 7.3.3 cdax_cr - control register controller data access ch1x . . . . . . . . .211 psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 page data sheet 2001-03-12 table of contents 7.3.4 co_cr - control register codec data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .212 7.3.5 tr_cr - control register transceiver data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .212 7.3.6 hci_cr - control register for hdlc and ci1 data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .213 7.3.7 mon_cr - control register monitor data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .213 7.3.8 sdsx_cr - control register serial data strobe x . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .214 7.3.9 iom_cr - control register iom data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .215 7.3.10 mcda - monitoring cda bits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .216 7.3.11 sti - synchronous transfer interrupt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .217 7.3.12 asti - acknowledge synchronous transfer interrupt . . . . . . . . . . . . . .218 7.3.13 msti - mask synchronous transfer interrupt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .218 7.3.14 sds_conf - configuration register for serial data strobes . . . . . . . .219 7.3.15 mor - monitor receive channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .219 7.3.16 mox - monitor transmit channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .219 7.3.17 mosr - monitor interrupt status register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .220 7.3.18 mocr - monitor control register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .221 7.3.19 msta - monitor status register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .222 7.3.20 mconf - monitor configuration register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .222 7.4 codec configuration registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .223 7.4.1 general configuration register (gcr) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .223 7.4.2 programmable filter configuration register (pfcr) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .224 7.4.3 tone generator configuration register (tgcr) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .225 7.4.4 tone generator switch register (tgsr) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .226 7.4.5 afe configuration register (acr) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .227 7.4.6 afe transmit configuration register (atcr) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .228 7.4.7 afe receive configuration register (arcr) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .229 7.4.8 data format register (dfr) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .230 7.4.9 data source selection register (dssr) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .231 7.4.10 extended configuration (xcr) and status (xsr) register . . . . . . . . . .232 7.4.11 mask channel x register (maskxr) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .234 7.4.12 test function configuration register (tfcr) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .235 7.4.13 cram control (ccr) and status (csr) register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .236 7.4.14 cram (coefficient ram) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .237 8 electrical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .241 8.1 electrical characteristics (general part) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .241 8.1.1 absolute maximum ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .241 8.1.2 dc-characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .241 8.1.3 capacitances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .242 8.1.4 oscillator specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .243 8.1.5 ac characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .244 8.1.6 iom-2 interface timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .245 8.1.7 microcontroller interface timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .247 8.1.7.1 serial control interface (sci) timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .247 psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 page data sheet 2001-03-12 table of contents 8.1.7.2 parallel microcontroller interface timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .248 8.1.8 reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .251 8.2 electrical characteristics (transceiver part) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .251 8.3 electrical characteristics (codec part) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .253 8.3.1 dc characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .253 8.3.2 analog front end input characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .256 8.3.3 analog front end output characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .256 9 package outlines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .258 data sheet 1 2001-03-12 psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 overview 1 overview the scout-s or scout-sx respectively integrates all necessary functions for the completion of a cost effective isdn voice terminal solution. please note: throughout the whole document ? scout ? ? refers to ? scout ? -s ? and ? scout ? -sx ? the scout combines the functionality of the arcofi ? -ba psb 2161 (audio ringing codec filter basic function) or arcofi ? -sp psb 2163 (audio ringing codec filter with speakerphone) respectively and the isac ? -s te psb 2186 (isdn subscriber access controller for terminals) on a single chip. the scout-s is suited for the use in basic isdn voice terminals just as it is, and in combination with an additional device on the modular iom ? -2 interface, in high end featurephones e.g. with acoustic echo cancellation. the scout-sx psb 21383 is an extended scout-s psb 21381 which provides the speakerphone performance of the arcofi-sp psb 2163. the transceiver implements the subscriber access functions for an isdn terminal to be connected to a four wire s/t interface. it covers complete layer-1 and basic layer-2 functions for digital terminals. the codec performs encoding, decoding, filtering functions and tone generation (ringing, audible feedback tones and dtmf signal). an analog front end offers three analog inputs and two analog outputs with programmable amplifiers. the iom-2 interface allows a modular design with functional extensions (e.g. acoustic echo cancellation, tip/ring extension, modem extension, answering machine, video or data terminal) by connecting other voice/data devices to the scout. in the p-mqfp-44 package (psb21381/3) only a serial microcontroller interface (sci) is supported. in the p-mqfp-64 package (psb21382/4) a serial and parallel microcontroller interface are supported. a clock signal and a reset input and output pin complete the microcontroller interface. the scout is a cmos device and operates with a 3.3 v or 5 v supply. data sheet 2 2001-03-12 psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 overview comparison of the scout with the two chip solution isac-s te and arcofi-ba; -sp scout isac-s te / arcofi operating modes te te supply voltage 3.3v 5 % or 5v 5 % 5v 5 % technology cmos cmos, bicmos package p-mqfp-44, p-mqfp-64 p-mqfp-64 / p-dso-28 transceiver transformer ratio for receiver and transmitter 1:1 2:1 test functions - dig. loop via layer-2 (tlp) - layer-1 disable (dis_tr) - analog loop (lp_a- bit exlp- bit, arl) - dig. loop via layer-2 (tlp) - layer-1 disable (tem) - analog loop (arl) microcontroller interface serial (sci) 8-bit parallel (mqfp-64): motorola mux siemens/intel mux siemens/intel non-mux direct/ indirect addressing not provided 8-bit parallel: motorola mux siemens/intel mux siemens/intel non-mux microcontroller clock provided ( 7.68, 3.84, 0.96mhz, disabled) not provided register address space 256 byte (32 byte fifo, 96 byte configuration, 128 byte cram) 204 byte (32 byte fifo, 32+12 byte configuration, 128 byte cram) codec cram access (128 byte) indirect and direct addressing (general purpose ram) indirect addressing command structure of the register access header/ address(command)/data address (command)/data controller data access to iom-2 timeslots all timeslots; various possibilities of data access restricted access to b- and ic-channel psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 overview data sheet 3 2001-03-12 data control and manipulation various possibilities of data control and data manipulation (enable/ disable, shifting, looping, switching) b- and ic-channel looping iom-2 iom-2 interface double clock (dcl), bit clock pin (bcl), serial data strobe 1 (sds1) serial data strobe 2 (sds2/ rsto ) double clock (dcl), bit clock (bcl), serial data strobe (sds) monitor channel programming provided (mon0, 1 or 2) provided (mon0 or 1) c/i channels ci0 (4bits), ci1 (4/6bits) ci0 (4bits), ci1 (6bits) layer-1 statemachine with changes in isac-s for correspondence with the actual itu specification statemachine in software possible not possible idsl (144kbit/s) provided (hdlc, sds) not provided hdlc support d- and b- channels; non-auto mode, transparent mode 0-2, extended transparent mode d-channels; auto mode, non-auto mode, transparent mode 1-3 fifo size 64 bytes per direction with programmable fifo thresholds 2x32 bytes per direction reset sources rst input watchdog c/i code change eaw pin software reset rst input watchdog c/i code change eaw pin codec analog inputs 1 single ended, 2 differential 1 single ended, 2 differential band gap reference externally buffered internally buffered scout isac-s te / arcofi psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 overview data sheet 4 2001-03-12 max. afe gain transmit (guaranteed transmission characteristics) 36 db differential inputs 24 db single ended input 42 db differential inputs 24 db single ended input analog gain steps earpiece 3 db 6 db speakerphone status indication register status bits piezo pins agc initialization initial value maximum gain voice data manipulation three party conferencing (adding receive and transmit data) voice monitoring on iom-2 three party conferencing (adding receive data) voice monitoring on piezo output voice data formats a-/-law, 8 or 16 bit linear a-/-law, 16 bit linear mask register for voice data provided not provided tone generator output loudspeaker, earpiece loudspeaker, earpiece, piezo pins direct tone generator output to loudspeaker provided tone generator signal is attenuated by -6db compared to the arcofi; extended gain range (-24.5, -27.5db) in the loudspeaker amplifier control setting provided saturation amplification of tone filter, i.e. cram parameter ge as specified adjusted to fix value scout isac-s te / arcofi p-mqfp-44-1 p-mqfp-64-1 siemens codec with u pn transceiver scout-s, scout-sx psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 data sheet 5 2001-03-12 version 1.3 cmos type package psb 21381 scout-s p-mqfp-44-1 psb 21383 scout-sx p-mqfp-44-1 psb 21382 scout-s p-mqfp-64-1 psb 21384 scout-sx p-mqfp-64-1 1.1 features 8-bit parallel microcontroller interface (only psb 21382/4 in p-mqfp-64 package), motorola, siemens/intel bus type multiplexed or non-multiplexed, direct-/indirect register addressing serial control interface (sci) iom-2 interface in te mode, single/double clock, two serial data strobe signals various possibilities of microcontroller data access, data control and data manipulation to all iom-2 timeslots power supply 3.3v or 5v monitor channel handler (master/slave) sophisticated power management for restricted power mode programmable microcontroller clock output and reset (input/output) pins advanced cmos technology transceiver part full duplex 2b+d s/t interface transceiver according to itu-t i.430 conversion of the frame structure between the s/t interface and iom-2 receive timing recovery continuously adapted receive thresholds d-channel access control access to s and q bits of s/t interface psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 overview data sheet 6 2001-03-12 activation and deactivation procedures with automatic activation from power down state hdlc controller. operating in non-auto mode, transparent mode 0-2 or extended transparent mode. access to b1, b2 or d channels or the combination of them e.g. for 144 kbit/s data transmission (2b+d) fifo buffer with 64 bytes per direction and programmable fifo thresholds for efficient transfer of data packets implementation of iom-2 monitor and c/i-channel protocol to control peripheral devices realization of layer-1 statemachine in software possible watchdog timer programmable reset sources test loops and functions codec part applications in digital terminal equipment featuring voice functions digital signal processing performs all codec functions fully compatible with the itu-t g.712 and etsi (net33) specification pcm a-law/ -law (itu-t g.711) and 8/16-bit linear data; maskable codec data flexible configuration of all internal functions three analog inputs for the handset microphone, the speakerphone and the headset two differential outputs for a handset earpiece (200 ? ) and a loudspeaker (50 ? for 5v power supply, 25 ? for 3.3v power supply) flexible test and maintenance loopbacks in the analog front end and the digital signal processor independent gain programmable amplifiers for all analog inputs and outputs full digital speakerphone (scout-sx only) and loudhearing support without any external components (speakerphone test and optimization function is available) enhanced voice data manipulation for features like: - three-party conferencing - voice monitoring two transducer correction filters side tone gain adjustment flexible dtmf, tone and ringing generator direct and indirect cram access psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 overview data sheet 7 2001-03-12 1.2 pin configuration figure 1 pin configuration vddsel reserved v dda v ssa v ref bgref axi min2 mip2 min1 mip1 du dd sdx sdr sclk v ssd v ddd xtal1 xtal2 mclk 3 4 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 scout-s(x) psb 21381 (psb 21383) p-mqfp-44 eaw mqfp44_64_pin_s.vsd vddsel reserved scout-s(x) psb 21382 (psb 21384) p-mqfp-64 bgref axi min2 mip2 min1 reserved a7 a5 a6 mip1 v dda v ssa1 v ref v ssa2 rsto/sds2 63 4 9 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 62 61 60 58 59 64 v ddp v ssp lsn hop hon lsp rst int cs sds1 v ssd2 v ddd2 ale wr / rw rd / ds 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 11116 15 14 13 12 du dd ad7 / sdx ad6 / sdr ad5 / sclk v ssd1 v ddd1 xtal1 xtal2 mclk eaw ad4 ad3 ad0 ad1 ad2 a3 a4 v sspll sx1 v ddpll v ssl v ddl sr1 sr2 sx2 a2 bcl dcl fsc a0 a1 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 33 34 35 36 37 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 17 20 21 19 18 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 v ddp v ssp lsn hop hon sds1 lsp rsto/sds2 rst int cs 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 bcl dcl fsc v sspll sx1 v ddpll v ssl v ddl sr1 sr2 sx2 psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 overview data sheet 8 2001-03-12 1.3 logic symbol figure 2 logic symbol of the scout in p-mqfp-44 and p-mqfp-64 logsym_s.vsd axi sdr/ ad6 sdx/ ad7 int m c l k sclk/ ad5 iom-2 interface 7 6 r s t o / s d s 2 dd du fsc dcl bcl sds1 vddsel v dd v ss p-mqfp- 64 rst s interface 7.68 mhz xtal1 xtal2 eaw sx1 sx2 sr1 sr2 v ss : 7 seperate ground pins (v ssl ,v ssd1 ,v ssd2 ,v ssa1 ,v ssa2 ,v ssp ,v sspll ) v dd : 6 seperate power pins (v ddl ,v ddd1 ,v ddd2 ,v dda ,v ddp ,v ddpll ) ad0...4 a0...7 c s a l e w r / r / w r d / d s axi serial control interface (sci) sdr sdx c s int m c l k sclk iom-2 interface 5 5 r s t o / s d s 2 dd du fsc dcl bcl sds1 vddsel v dd v ss p-mqfp- 44 rst s interface 7.68 mhz xtal1 xtal2 eaw sx1 sx2 sr1 sr2 v ss : 5 seperate ground pins (v ssl ,v ssd ,v ssa ,v ssp ,v sspll ) v dd : 5 seperate power pins (v ddl ,v ddd ,v dda ,v ddp ,v ddpll ) a n a l o g f r o n t e n d v ref hop hon m i p 1 min1 mip2 min2 lsp lsn bgref a n a l o g f r o n t e n d v ref hop hon m i p 1 min1 mip2 min2 lsp lsn bgref serial control interface (sci) parallel c interface psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 overview data sheet 9 2001-03-12 1.4 pin definitions and function table 1 pin no. mqfp-44 pin no. mqfp-64 symbol input (i) output (o) open drain (od) function power supply (3.3 v or 5 v 5%) 31 46 v ddl ? supply voltage for line driver 16 25 8 v ddd v ddd1 v ddd2 ? supply voltage for digital parts 36 55 v dda ? supply voltage for analog parts 11 v ddp ? supply voltage for loudspeaker 27 42 v ddpll ? supply voltage for internal pll 30 45 v ssl ? ground for line driver 17 26 7 v ssd v ssd1 v ssd2 ? ground for digital parts 37 57 56 v ssa v ssa2 v ssa1 ? ground for analog parts 33 v ssp ? ground for loudspeaker 26 41 v sspll ? ground for internal pll 34 49 vddsel i vdd selection ? 0 ? : 3.3 v supply voltage ? 1 ? : 5 v supply voltage iom-2 interface 21 31 dd i/od/o data downstream 22 32 du i/od/o data upstream 25 35 fsc i/o frame synchronization clock (8 khz) 24 34 dcl i/o data clock i: single or double clock (programmable) o: double clock, 1.536 mhz 23 33 bcl o bit clock (768khz) psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 overview data sheet 10 2001-03-12 11 16 sds1 o programmable strobe signal or bit clock 10 15 rsto / sds2 od o reset output (active low) programmable strobe signal or bit clock reset 914rst i reset (active low) transceiver 32 33 47 48 sr1 sr2 i i s-bus receiver input s-bus receiver input 28 29 43 44 sx1 sx2 o o s-bus transmitter output (positive) s-bus transmitter output (negative) 13 14 18 19 xtal2 xtal1 oi i oscillator output oscillator or 7.68 mhz input 15 20 eaw i external awake. a low level on this input starts the oscillator from the power down state and generates a reset pulse if enabled (see chapter 7.2.12 ) in addition an interrupt request is generated at pin int . microcontroller interface 813int od interrupt request (active low) 12 17 mclk o microcontroller clock 712cs i chip select (active low) during reset also used as interface selection pin (see chapter 2.1 ) - 9 ale i multiplexed bus mode: address latch enable non-multiplexed bus and serial mode: interface selection pin (see chapter 2.1 ) table 1 (cont ? d) pin no. mqfp-44 pin no. mqfp-64 symbol input (i) output (o) open drain (od) function psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 overview data sheet 11 2001-03-12 -10wr r/w i i write access in intel bus mode (active low) read/write access in motorola bus mode during reset also used as interface selection pin (see chapter 2.1 ) 11 rd ds i i read access in intel bus mode (active low) data strobe in motorola bus mode (active low) during reset also used as interface selection pin (see chapter 2.1 ) 18 28 sclk sclk ad5 i i i/o clock for the serial control interface serial control interface: clock multiplexed bus mode: address/data line bit 5 non-multiplexed bus mode: data line bit 5 19 29 sdr sdr ad6 i i i/o serial data receive serial control interface: data receive multiplexed bus mode: address/data line bit 6 non-multiplexed bus mode: data line bit 6 20 30 sdx sdx ad7 od/o od/o serial data transmit serial control interface: data transmit multiplexed bus mode: address/data line bit 7 non-multiplexed bus mode: data line bit 7 -21 22 23 24 27 ad0 ad1 ad2 ad3 ad4 i/o i/o i/o i/o i/o multiplexed bus mode: address/data lines non-multiplexed bus mode: data lines table 1 (cont ? d) pin no. mqfp-44 pin no. mqfp-64 symbol input (i) output (o) open drain (od) function psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 overview data sheet 12 2001-03-12 -36 37 38 39 40 54 53 52 a0 a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 a6 a7 i i i i i i i i multiplexed bus mode: not used, has to be connected to v dd non-multiplexed bus mode: address bus. for indirect address mode only a0 is valid table 1 (cont ? d) pin no. mqfp-44 pin no. mqfp-64 symbol input (i) output (o) open drain (od) function psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 overview data sheet 13 2001-03-12 analog frontend 38 58 v ref o 2.4v reference voltage for biasing external circuitry an external capacity of 100nf has to be connected 39 59 bgref i/o reference bandgap voltage for internal references an external capacity of 22nf has to be connected 40 60 axi i single-ended auxiliary input 44 43 64 63 mip1 min1 i i symmetrical differential microphone input 1 42 41 62 61 mip2 min2 i i symmetrical differential microphone input 2 5 6 5 6 hop hon o o differential handset earpiece output for 200 ? transducers 2 4 2 4 lsp lsn o o differential loudspeaker output for 50 ? or 25 ? loudspeaker using a power supply of 5 v or 3.3 v respectively reserved pins 35 50 reserved i this input is not used for normal operation and must be connected to vdd . 51 reserved i this input is not used for normal operation and must be connected to vss . table 1 (cont ? d) pin no. mqfp-44 pin no. mqfp-64 symbol input (i) output (o) open drain (od) function psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 overview data sheet 14 2001-03-12 1.5 typical applications the scout can be used in a variety of applications like isdn voice terminal ( figure 3 ) isdn voice terminal with speakerphone ( figure 4 ) isdn voice terminal as featurephone with acoustic echo cancellation ( figure 5 ) isdn voice terminal with tip/ring extension ( figure 6 ) isdn voice terminal with answering machine ( figure 7 ) isdn voice terminal with full duplex speakerphone and answering machine ( figure 8 ) isdn videophone with speakerphone ( figure 9 ) isdn videophone with full duplex speakerphone ( figure 10 ) isdn voice/data terminal on a pc card ( figure 11 ) isdn voice/data terminal with tip/ring extension ( figure 12 ) terminal adapter with dual tip/ring ( figure 13 ) figure 3 isdn voice terminal scout-s pbx_voice_s.vsd c sci s-interface psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 overview data sheet 15 2001-03-12 figure 4 isdn voice terminal with speakerphone figure 5 isdn voice terminal as featurephone with acoustic echo cancellation scout-sx voice_te_s.vsd c sci s-interface scout-s vt_ace_s.vsd ace c iom-2 sci s-interface psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 overview data sheet 16 2001-03-12 figure 6 isdn voice terminal with tip/ring extension figure 7 isdn voice terminal with answering machine arcofi-ba scout-sx c iom-2 sci vt_tipring_s.vsd s-interface slic fax sam scout-sx iom-2 sci vt_sam_s.vsd s-interface memory microcontroller psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 overview data sheet 17 2001-03-12 figure 8 isdn voice terminal with full duplex speakerphone and answering machine figure 9 isdn videophone with speakerphone sam_ec scout-s iom-2 sci vt_samec_s.vsd s-interface memory microcontroller jade scout-sx iom-2 vt_video_s.vsd s-interface video codec microcontroller video psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 overview data sheet 18 2001-03-12 figure 10 isdn videophone with full duplex speakerphone figure 11 isdn voice/data terminal on a pc card jade scout-s ace iom-2 vt_video_fullduplex_s.vsd s-interface video codec microcontroller sci video scout-sx vt_data_pc_s.vsd bus interface isar iom-2 psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 overview data sheet 19 2001-03-12 figure 12 isdn voice/data terminal with tip/ring extension figure 13 terminal adapter with dual tip/ring arcofi-ba scout-sx isar iom-2 vt_data_tipring_s.vsd s-interface slic microcontroller v.24 interface arcofi-ba scout-s c iom-2 sci vt_dualtipring_s.vsd s-interface slic slic fax psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 overview data sheet 20 2001-03-12 1.6 general functions and device architecture figure 14 shows the architecture of the scout containing the following functional blocks: s/t interface transceiver with isac-s te psb 2186 functionality respectively serial and parallel microcontroller interface hdlc controller with 64 byte flfos per direction and programmable fifo threshold iom-2 handler and interface for terminal application, monitor handler clock and timing generation digital pll to synchronize iom-2 to s/t reset generation (watchdog timer) analog front end (afe) of the codec part digital signal processer (dsp) for codec/filter functions, tone generation, voice data manipulation and speakerphone function (scout-sx) these functional blocks are described in the following chapters. psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 overview data sheet 21 2001-03-12 figure 14 architecture of the scout m i c r o c o n t r o l l e r i n t e r f a c e i o m - 2 h a n d l e r s - t r a n s c e i v e r 0 h d l c t r a n s - m i t t e r x - f i f o d e c i n t d s p l p - f i l t e r f r e q u e n c y c o r r e c t i o n f i l t e r d i g i t a l g a i n a d j u s t m e n t s p e a k e r p h o n e f u n c t i o n t o n e g e n e r a t o r s i d e t o n e d a t a s o u r c e s e l e c t i o n , v o i c e d a t a m a n i p u l a t i o n ( c o d i n g , m a s k i n g , c o n f e r e n c i n g ) d e c i n t a / d d / a a f e a m i v r e f a i n - m u x a l s a h o v m i p 2 m i p 1 m i n 1 l s p l s n s d x h o n r e f a x i d p l l o s c h d l c r e c e i - v e r r - f i f o l a p d c o n t r o l l e r s t a t u s c o m m a n d r e g i s t e r f i f o c o n t r o l l e r b g r e f f s c d c l b c l s c i x t a l 1 x t a l 2 s x 1 s x 2 s d r s c l k d u d d v d d x v s s x h o p a r c h i t . v s d h a n d l e r m o n i t o r c / i s r 1 s r 2 i o m - 2 i n t e r f a c e - d a t a s 0 c o d e c c o n t r o l / c o n f i g . c o d e c d a t a m o n i t o r d a t a c / i d a t a s d s 1 s d s 2 i n t r s t m c l k c s w r / r / w a l e r d / d s a d 0 - 7 / d 0 - 7 a 0 - a 7 8 - b i t p a r a l l e l v d d s e l e a w m i n 2 t i c t i c b u s d a t a m o n i t o r d a t a c / i d a t a t r a n s c . c o n t r o l / c o n f i g . h d l c d a t a h d l c c o n t r o l c o n t r o l l e r d a t a a c c e s s g e n e r a t i o n h d l c - d a t a t i c b u s d a t a m u x c / i - d a t a r s t o i n t e r r u p t m c l k r e s e t data sheet 22 02.01 psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 interfaces 2 interfaces the scout provides the following interfaces: serial and 8-bit microcontroller interface together with a reset and microcontroller clock generation. iom-2 interface as an universal backplane for terminals s/t interface towards the four wire subscriber line analog front end (afe) as interface between the analog transducers and the digital signal processor of the codec part the microcontroller and iom-2 interface are described in chapter 2.1 or 2.2 respectively. the s/t interface is described in the chapter 2.3 , the analog front end (afe) in chapter 4.1 psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 interfaces data sheet 23 2001-03-12 2.1 microcontroller interface depending of the package the scout supports a serial or a parallel microcontroller interface. in the p-mqfp-44 package only a serial interface is supported whereas in the p-mqfp-64 package either a serial or a parallel microcontroller interface can be selected. for applications where no controller is connected to the scout microcontroller interface programming is done via the iom-2 monitor channel from a master device. in such applications the scout operates in the iom-2 slave mode (refer to the corresponding chapter of the iom-2 monitor handler). the interface selections are all done by pinstrapping. the possible interface selections are listed in table 2 for the p-mqfp-44 package and in table 3 for the p-mqfp-64 package. the selection pins are evaluated when the reset input rst is released. for the pin levels stated in the tables the following is defined: ? high ? : dynamic pin value which must be ? high ? when the pin level is evaluated v dd , v ss : static ? high ? or ? low ? level note: for a selected interface mode that does not need all input selection and address pins the unused pins must be tied to v dd or v ss . table 2 interface selection for the p-mqfp-44 package pin cs interface type/mode ? high ? serial control interface (sci) v ss iom-2 monitor channel (slave mode) table 3 interface selection for the p-mqfp-64 package pins serial /parallel interface pins interface type/mode wr (r/w ) rd (ds ) cs ale v dd motorola ? high ?? high ? parallel ? high ? v ss siemens/intel non-mux edge siemens/intel mux v ss v ss serial ? high ? v ss serial control interface(sci) v ss v ss iom-2 monitor channel (slave mode) psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 interfaces data sheet 24 2001-03-12 the mapping of all accessible registers can be found in figure 92 in chapter 7 . the microcontroller interface also consists of a microcontroller clock generation at pin mclk and an interrupt request at pin int . 2.1.1 serial control interface (sci) the serial control interface (sci) is compatible to the spi interface of motorola or siemens c510 family of microcontrollers. the sci consists of 4 lines: sclk, sdx, sdr and cs . data are transferred via the lines sdr and sdx at the rate given by sclk. the falling edge of cs indicates the beginning of a serial access to the registers. incoming data is latched at the rising edge of sclk and shifts out at the falling edge of sclk. each access must be terminated by a rising edge of cs . data is transferred in groups of 8 bits with the msb first. figure 15 shows the timing of a one byte read/write access via the serial control interface. psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 interfaces data sheet 25 2001-03-12 figure 15 serial control interface timing psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 interfaces data sheet 26 2001-03-12 2.1.1.1 programming sequences the principle structure of a read/write access to the scout registers via the serial control interface is shown in figure 16 . figure 16 serial command structure a new programming sequence starts with the transfer of a header byte. the header byte specifies different programming sequences allowing a flexible and optimized access to the individual functional blocks of the scout. the possible sequences are listed in table 4 and are described afterwards. table 4 header byte code header byte sequence sequence type access to 00 h cmd-data-data-data arcofi compatible, non-interleaved codec reg./cram (indirect) 08 h arcofi compatible, interleaved 40 h non-interleaved address range 00 h -6f h 44 h adr-data-adr-data cram (80 h -ff h ) 48 h interleaved address range 00 h -6f h 4c h cram (80 h -ff h ) sdr write sequence: read sequence: sdr 7 076 07 0 write data address (command) read data 0 1 write read 7 076 07 0 header byte 2 byte 3 header byte 2 byte 3 sdx address (command) psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 interfaces data sheet 27 2001-03-12 header 00 h : arcofi compatible sequence this programming sequence is compatible to the sop, cop and xop command sequences of the arcofi. it gives indirect access to the codec registers 60 h -6f h and the cram (80 h -ff h ). the codec command word (cmdw) is followed by a defined number of data bytes (data n; n = 0, 1, 4 or 8). the number of data bytes depends on the codec command word. the commands can be applied in any order and number. the coding of the different sop, cop and xop commands is listed in the description of the command word (cmdw) in chapter 4.8 . structure of the arcofi compatible sequence: header 40 h , 44 h : non-interleaved a-d-a-d sequences the non-interleaved a-d-a-d sequences give direct read/write access to the address range 00 h -6f h (header 40 h ) or the cram range 80 h -ff h (header 44 h ) respectively and can have any length. in this mode sdx and sdr can be connected together allowing data transmission on one line. example for a read/write access with header 40 h or 44 h : 4a h read-/write-only address range 00 h -6f h 4e h (address autoincrement) cram (80 h -ff h ) 43 h adr-data-data-data read-/write-only 41 h non-interleaved address range 00 h -6f h 49 h interleaved sdr header wradr wrdata rdadr rdadr wradr wrdata sdx rddata rdata table 4 (cont ? d) header byte code cmdw 00 h data n data 1 cmd data n data 1 defined length defined length psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 interfaces data sheet 28 2001-03-12 header 48 h , 4c h : interleaved a-d-a-d sequences the interleaved a-d-a-d sequences give direct read/write access to the address range 00 h -6f h (header 48 h ) or the cram range 80 h -ff h (header 4c h ) respectively and can have any length. this mode allows a time optimized access to the registers by interleaving the data on sdx and sdr. example for a read/write access with header 48 h or 4c h : header 4a h , 4e h : read-/write-only a-d-d-d sequences (address autoincrement) the a-d-d-d sequences give a fast read-/write-only access to the address range 00 h - 6f h (header 4a h ) or the cram range 80 h -ff h (header 4e h ) respectively. the starting address (wradr, rdadr) is incremented automatically after every data byte. the sequence can have any length and is terminated by the rising edge of cs . example for a write access with header 4a h or 4e h : example for a read access with header 4a h or 4e h : sdr header wradr wrdata rdadr rdadr wradr wrdata sdx rddata rddata sdr header wradr wrdata (wradr) wrdata (wradr+1) wrdata (wradr+2) wrdata (wradr+3) wrdata (wradr+4) wrdata (wradr+5) wrdata (wradr+6) sdx sdr header rdadr sdx rddata (rdadr) rddata (rdadr+1) rddata (rdadr+2) rddata (rdadr+3) rddata (rdadr+4) rddata (rdadr+5) rddata (rdadr+6) psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 interfaces data sheet 29 2001-03-12 header 43 h : read-/write- only a-d-d-d sequence this mode (header 43 h ) can be used for a fast access to the hdlc fifo data. any address (rdadr, wradr) in the range between 00h and 1f gives access to the current fifo location selected by an internal pointer which is automatically incremented with every data byte following the first address byte. the sequence can have any length and is terminated by the rising edge of cs . example for a write access with header 43 h : example for a read access with header 43 h : header 41 h : non-interleaved a-d-d-d sequence this sequence (header 41 h ) allows in front of the a-d-d-d write access a non- interleaved a-d-a-d read access. this mode is useful for reading status information before writing to the hdlc xfifo. the termination condition of the read access is the reception of the wradr. the sequence can have any length and is terminated by the rising edge of cs . example for a read/write access with header 41 h : header 49 h : interleaved a-d-d-d sequence this sequence (header 49 h ) allows in front of the a-d-d-d write access an interleaved a-d-a-d read access. this mode is useful for reading status information before writing to the hdlc xfifo. the termination condition of the read access is the reception of the wradr. the sequence can have any length and is terminated by the rising edge of the cs line. example for a read/write access with header 49 h : sdr header wradr wrdata (wradr) wrdata (wradr) wrdata (wradr) wrdata (wradr) wrdata (wradr) wrdata (wradr) wrdata (wradr) sdx sdr header rdadr sdx rddata (rdadr) rddata (rdadr) rddata (rdadr) rddata (rdadr) rddata (rdadr) rddata (rdadr) rddata (rdadr) sdr header rdadr rdadr wradr wrdata (wradr) wrdata (wradr) wrdata (wradr) sdx rddata rddata sdr header rdadr rdadr wradr wrdata (wradr) wrdata (wradr) wrdata (wradr) sdx rddata rddata psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 interfaces data sheet 30 2001-03-12 2.1.2 parallel microcontroller interface the 8-bit parallel microcontroller interface with address decoding on chip allows an easy and fast microcontroller access. the parallel interface provides three types of p buses which are selected via pin ale. the bus operation modes with corresponding pins are listed in table 5 . the occurrence of an edge on ale, either positive or negative, at any time during the operation immediately selects the interface type (3). a return to one of the other interface types is possible only if a hardware reset is issued. note: if the multiplexed address/data bus type (3) is selected, the unused address pins a0-a7 must be tied to v dd . a read/write access to the registers can be done in multiplexed or non-multiplexed mode. in non-multiplexed mode the register address must be applied to the address bus (a0- a7) for the data access via the data bus (d0-d7). in multiplexed mode the address on the address bus (ad0-ad7) is latched in by ale before a read/write access via the address/data bus is performed. depending on the amod bit in the mode2 register ( see chapter 7.2.13 ) the direct or indirect address mode can be selected. the address mode after reset is the indirect address mode (amod = ? 0 ? ). reprogramming into the direct address mode (amod = ? 1 ? ) has to take place in the indirect address mode. figure 17 illustrates both register addressing modes. direct address mode (amod = ? 1 ? ): the register address to be read or written is directly set in the way described above. indirect address mode (amod = ? 0 ? ): only the lsb of the address line (a0) is used to select either the address register (a0 = ? 0 ? ) or the data register (a0 = ? 1 ? ). the microcontroller writes the register address to the address register before it reads/ writes data from/to the corresponding data register. in indirect address mode only the address line a0 is evaluated. the remaining address lines have to be tied to logical ? 1 ? . note: the cram back-up procedure ( see chapter 4.8.2.1 ) only applies to the direct address mode table 5 bus operation modes bus mode pin ale control pins (1) motorola v dd cs , r/w , ds (2) siemens/intel non-multiplexed v ss cs , wr , rd (3) siemens/intel multiplexed edge cs , wr , rd , ale psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 interfaces data sheet 31 2001-03-12 figure 17 direct/indirect register address mode psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 interfaces data sheet 32 2001-03-12 2.1.3 interrupt structure and logic special events in the scout are indicated by means of a single interrupt output, which requests the host to read status information from the scout or transfer data from/to the scout. since only one int request output is provided, the cause of an interrupt must be determined by the host reading the interrupt status registers of the scout. the structure of the interrupt status registers is shown in figure . figure18 scout interrupt status registers rme rpf rfo xpr xmr xdu cic st mos tran rme rpf rfo xpr xmr xdu maskh istah hdlc tin wov int sti11 ista mask msti sti sti10 sti20 sti21 stov10 stov11 stov20 stov21 cic1 ci1e cic0 cir0 istatr cix1 ric ric masktr ld ld cic st mos tran hdlc tin wov mre mdr mie mda mer mab mosr mocr sti11 sti10 sti20 sti21 stov10 stov11 stov20 stov21 ack11 ack10 ack20 ack21 asti eaw psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 interfaces data sheet 33 2001-03-12 five interrupt bits in the ista register point at interrupt sources in the hdlc controller (hdlc), monitor- (mos) and c/i- (cic) handler, the transceiver (tran) and the synchronous transfer (st). the timer interrupt (tin) and the watchdog timer overflow (wov) can be read directly from the ista register. all these interrupt sources are described in the corresponding chapters. after the scout has requested an interrupt by setting its int pin to low, the host must read first the scout interrupt status register (ista) in the associated interrupt service routine. the int pin of the scout remains active until all interrupt sources are cleared by reading the corresponding interrupt register. therefore it is possible that the int pin is still active when the interrupt service routine is finished. each interrupt indication of the interrupt status registers can selectively be masked by setting the respective bit in the mask register. for some interrupt controllers or hosts it might be necessary to generate a new edge on the interrupt line to recognize pending interrupts. this can be done by masking all interrupts at the end of the interrupt service routine (writing ff h into the mask register) and write back the old mask to the mask register. a low level at pin eaw generates an interrupt indication which is set at the ld bit of the istatr register. if this ld bit has been set due to an level detect interrupt, the ld bit in the transceiver status register tr_sta is set additionally. therefore pin eaw has to be connected to ? 1 ? , if no interrupt should be generated. psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 interfaces data sheet 34 2001-03-12 2.1.4 microcontroller clock generation the microcontroller clock is provided by the pin mclk. three clock rates are selectable by a programmable prescaler (see chapter clock generation figure 89 ) which is controlled by the mode1.mclk bit corresponding to the following table. the possible mclk frequencies are listed in table 6 . the clock rate is changed after cs becomes inactive. table 6 mclk frequencies mclk bits mclk frequency ? 00 ? 3.84 mhz (default) ? 01 ? 0.96 mhz ? 10 ? 7.68 mhz ? 11 ? disabled psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 interfaces data sheet 35 2001-03-12 2.2 iom-2 interface the scout supports the iom-2 interface in terminal mode with single clock and double clock. the iom-2 interface consists of four lines: fsc, dcl, dd and du. the rising edge of fsc indicates the start of an iom-2 frame. the fsc signal is generated by the receive dpll which synchronizes to the received line frame. the dcl and the bcl output clock signals synchronize the data transfer on both data lines. the dcl is twice the bit rate, the bcl output rate is equal to the bit rate. the bits are shifted out with the rising edge of the first dcl clock cycle and sampled at the falling edge of the second clock cycle. the bcl clock together with the two serial data strobe signals (sds1, sds2) can be used to connect time slot oriented standard devices to the iom-2 interface. the iom-2 interface can be enabled/disabled with the dis_iom bit in the iom_cr register. the bcl clock output can be enabled separately with the en_bcl bit. the clock rate or frequency respectively of the iom-signals in te mode are: dd, du: 768 kbit/s dcl: 1536 khz (double clock rate); 768 khz (single clock rate if dis_tr = ? 1 ? ) fsc: 8 khz. if the transceiver is disabled (tr_conf.dis_tr) the dcl and fsc pins become input and the hdlc and codec parts can still work via iom-2. in this case it can be selected with the clock mode bit (iom_cr.clkm) between a double clock and a single clock input. note: one iom-2 frame has to consist of a multiple of 64 (32) dcl clocks for a double (single) clock selection. figure 19 clock waveforms bcl dcl fsc psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 interfaces data sheet 36 2001-03-12 2.2.1 iom-2 frame structure the frame structure on the iom-2 data ports (du,dd) in iom-2 terminal mode is shown in figure 20 . figure 20 iom ? -2 frame structure in terminal mode the frame is composed of three channels channel 0 contains 144-kbit/s of user and signaling data (2b + d), a monitor programming channel (mon0) and a command/indication channel (ci0) for control and programming of the layer-1 transceiver. channel 1 contains two 64-kbit/s intercommunication channels (ic) plus a monitor and command/indicate channel (mon1, ci1) to program or transfer data to other iom- 2 devices. channel 2 is used for the tlc-bus access. additionally channel 2 supports further ic and mon channels. note: each octet related to any integrated functional block can be programmed to any timeslot ( see chapter 7.3.2 ) except the c/i0- and d- channels that are always related to timeslot 0. psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 interfaces data sheet 37 2001-03-12 2.2.2 iom-2 handler the iom-2 handler offers a great flexibility for handling the data transfer between the different functional units of the scout and voice/data devices connected to the iom-2 interface. additionally it provides a microcontroller access to all time slots of the iom-2 interface via the four controller data access registers (cda). figure 21 shows the architecture of the iom-2 handler. for illustrating the functional description it contains all configuration and control registers of the iom-2 handler. a detailed register description can be found in chapter 7.3 the pcm data of the functional units codec (co) transceiver (tr) and the controller data access (cda) can be configured by programming the time slot and data port selection registers (tsdp). with the tss bits (time slot selection) the pcm data of the functional units can be assigned to each of the 12 pcm time slots of the iom-2 frame. with the dps bit (data port selection) the output of each functional unit is assigned to du or dd respectively. the input is assigned vice versa. with the control registers (cr) the access to the data of the functional units can be controlled by setting the corresponding control bits ( en, swap). to avoid data collisions it has to be noticed that the c/i and d channels of the enabled transceiver are always related to time slot 3. if the monitor handler is enabled its data is related to time slot ts (2, 6 or 10) and the appropriate mr and mx bits to time slot ts+1 depending on the mcs bits of register mon_cr. the iom-2 handler provides also access to the monitor channel (mon) c/i channels (ci0,ci1) tic bus (tic) and d- and b-channel for hdlc control the access to these channels is controlled by the registers hci_cr and mon_cr. the iom-2 interface with the two serial data strobes (sds1,2) is controlled by the control registers iom_cr, sds1_cr and sds2_cr. the reset configuration of the scout iom-2 handler corresponds to the defined frame structure and data ports in iom-2 terminal mode (see figure 20 ). psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 interfaces data sheet 38 2001-03-12 . figure 21 architecture of the iom handler t r _ b 1 _ x c o _ t s d p x y c o _ c r i o m - 2 i n t e r f a c e c o n t r o l c o d e c d a t a ( t s s , d p s , e n ) c o d e c d a t a ( c o ) t r a n s c e i v e r d a t a ( t r ) c o n t r o l d a t a a c c e s s ( t s d p , d p s , e n , s w a p , t b m , m c d a , s t i ) c o n t r o l t r a n s c e i v e r d a t a a c c e s s ( t s s , d p s , e n ) m o n c i 1 t i c d a t a m i c r o c o n t r o l l e r i n t e r f a c e i o m h a n d . v s d d u d d d u d d f s c d c l b c l c o 1 0 x c o 1 0 r i o m - 2 h a n d l e r t r _ t s d p _ b 1 c i 0 c o n t r o l h d l c d - , b - d a t a ( e n ) c o n t r o l m o n i t o r d a t a ( d p s , e n m c s ) c o n t r o l c / i 1 d a t a ( d p s , e n ) h d l c f i f o m o n _ c r h c i _ c r s d s 2 s d s 1 i o m _ c r s d s 1 / 2 _ c r c o d e c d a t a c d a d a t a m o n i t o r d a t a c i 1 d a t a b 1 / b 2 / d - d a t a d / b 1 / b 2 d a t a t i c b u s d a t a ( e n , t l e n , t s s ) ( e n , o d ) d u d d x , y = 1 o r 2 c i 0 d a t a c d a r e g i s t e r c d a 1 0 c o n t r o l l e r d a t a a c c e s s ( c d a ) c / i o - d a t a h a n d l e r c d a _ t s d p x y c d a _ c r x m c d a s t i m s t i a s t i c d a 1 1 c d a 2 0 c d a 2 1 c o 1 1 x c o 2 0 x c o 2 1 x c o 1 1 r c o 2 0 r c o 2 1 r t r _ t s d p _ b 2 t r _ c r t r _ b 2 _ x t r _ d _ x t r _ d _ r t r _ b 1 _ r t r _ b 2 _ r t i c b u s d i s a b l e ( t i c _ d i s ) i o m _ c r psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 interfaces data sheet 39 2001-03-12 2.2.2.1 controller data access (cda) the iom-2 handler provides with its four controller data access registers (cda10, cda11, cda20, cda21) a very flexible solution for the access to the 12 iom-2 time slots by the microcontroller. the functional unit cda (controller data access) allows with its control and configuration registers looping of up to four independent pcm channels from du to dd or vice versa with the four cda registers shifting or switching of two independent pcm channels to another two independent pcm channels on both data ports (du, dd) monitoring of up to four time slots on the iom-2 interface simultaneously microcontroller read and write access to each pcm channel the access principle which is identical for the two channel register pairs cda10/11 and cda20/21 is illustrated in figure 22 . the index variables x,y used in the following description can be 1 or 2 for x, and 0 or 1 for y. the prefix ? cda_ ? from the register names has been omitted for simplification. to each of the four cdaxy data registers a cda_tsdpxy register is assigned by which the time slot and the data port can be determined. with the tss (time slot selection) bits a time slot from 0...11 can be selected. with the dps (data port selection) bit the output of the cdaxy register can be assigned to du or dd respectively. the time slot and data port for the output of cdaxy is always defined by its own cda_tsdpxy register. the input of cdaxy depends on the swap bit in the control registers crx. if the swap bit = ? 0 ? the time slot and data port for the input and output of the cdaxy register is defined by its own cda_tsdpxy register. the data port for the cdaxy input is vice versa to the output setting for cdaxy. if the swap bit = ? 1 ? , the input port and time slot of the cdax0 is defined by the cda_tsdp register of cdax1 and the input port and time slot of cdax1 is defined by the cda_tsdp register of cdax0. the input and output of every cdaxy register can be enabled or disabled by setting the corresponding en (-able) bit in the control register cdax_cr. if the input of a register is disabled the output value in the register is retained. psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 interfaces data sheet 40 2001-03-12 . figure 22 data access via cdax0 and cdax1 register pairs 2.2.2.1.1 looping and shifting data figure 23 gives examples for typical configurations with the above explained control and configuration possibilities with the bits tss, dps, en and swap in the registers tsdpxy or cdax_cr: a) looping iom-2 time slot data from du to dd or vice versa (swap = ? 0 ? ) b) shifting data from tsa to tsb on du and dd (swap = ? 1 ? ) c) switching data from tsa (du) to tsb(dd) and tsb (du) to tsa (dd) du cdax1 control register cda_crx dd 1 1 time slot selection (tss) input swap (swap) 1 x = 1 or 2; a,b = 0...11 data port cda_tsdpx1 0 1 0 1 iom_hand.fm4 1 0 1 1 enable input (en_o0) output cda_tsdpx0 1 0 cdax0 1 (en_i0) (en_i1) input enable output (en_o1) selection (dps) data port selection (dps) selection (tss) time slot tsa tsa tsb tsb psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 interfaces data sheet 41 2001-03-12 figure 23 examples for data access via cdaxy registers a) looping data b) shifting data c) switching data tsa tsb cdax0 tsa tsb du dd tsa tsb du dd b) shifting data a) looping data .tss: .dps .swap ? 0 ? ? 1 ? ? 0 ? tsa tsb .tss: .dps .swap ? 1 ? ? 1 ? ? 0 ? tsa tsb du dd c) switching data tsa tsb .tss: .dps .swap ? 1 ? ? 0 ? ? 0 ? .x = 1 or 2 cdax0 cdax0 cdax0 cdax0 cdax0 psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 interfaces data sheet 42 2001-03-12 2.2.2.1.2 monitoring data figure 24 gives an example for monitoring of two iom-2 time slots each on du or dd simultaneously. for monitoring on du and/or dd the channel registers with even numbers (cda10, cda20) are assigned to time slots with even numbers ts(2n) and the channel registers with odd numbers (cda11, cda21) are assigned to time slots with odd numbers ts(2m+1) (n,m = 0...5). the user has to take care of this restriction by programming the appropriate time slots. . figure 24 example for monitoring data 2.2.2.1.3 monitoring tic bus monitoring the tic bus (ts11) is handled as a special case. the tic bus can be monitored with the registers cdax0 by setting the en_tbm (enable tic bus monitoring) bit in the control registers crx. the tsdpx0 must be set to 08 h for monitoring from du or 88 h for monitoring from dd respectively. cda10 cda11 cda20 cda21 ts(2n) ts(2m+1) du dd a) monitoring data tss: ts(2n) ts(2m+1) tss: ? 1 ? ? 1 ? dps: ? 0 ? ? 0 ? dps: ? 0 ? ? 0 ? en_o: ? 1 ? ? 1 ? en_i: ? 0 ? ? 0 ? en_o: ? 1 ? ? 1 ? en_i: cda_cr1. cda_cr2. n,m = 0...5 psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 interfaces data sheet 43 2001-03-12 2.2.2.1.4 synchronous transfer while looping, shifting and switching (see figure 28 and 29) the data can be accessed by the controller between the synchronous transfer interrupt (sti) and the synchronous transfer overflow interrupt (stov). the microcontroller access to the cdaxy registers can be synchronized by means of four programmable synchronous transfer interrupts (stixy) and synchronous transfer overflow interrupts (stovxy) in the sti register. depending on the dps bit in the corresponding cda_tsdpxy register the stixy is generated two (for dps= ? 0 ? ) or one (for dps= ? 1 ? ) bcl clock after the selected time slot (cda_tsdpxy.tss). one bcl clock is equivalent to two dcl clocks. a non masked synchronous transfer overflow (stovx 0 y 0 ) interrupt is generated if the appropriate stix 1 y 1 is not acknowledged in time. the stix 1 y 1 is acknowledged in time if bit ackx 1 y 1 in the asti register is set to ? 1 ? one bcl clock (for dps= ? 0 ? ) or zero bcl clocks (for dps= ? 1 ? ) before the time slot which is selected for the appropriate stovx 0 y 0 . if stix 1 y 1 and stovx 1 y 1 are not masked stovx 1 y 1 is only related to stix 1 y 1 ( see example a), c) and d) of figure 26 ). if stix 1 y 1 is masked but stovx 1 y 1 is not masked, stovx 0 y 0 is related to each enabled stixy ( see example b) and d) of figure 26 ). setting the corresponding bits in the msti (mask synchronous transfer interrupts) register masks the stixy and the stovxy interrupt. the interrupt structure of the synchronous transfer is shown in figure 25 . examples of the described synchronous transfer interrupt controlling are illustrated in figure 26 . a read to the sti register clears the stixy and stovxy interrupts. . figure 25 interrupt structure of the synchronous data transfer cic st mos tran hdlc hdlc tin wov cic st mos tran tin wov int sti11 ista mask msti sti sti10 sti20 sti21 stov10 stov11 stov20 stov21 sti11 sti10 sti20 sti21 stov10 stov11 stov20 stov21 ack11 asti ack10 ack20 ack21 psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 interfaces data sheet 44 2001-03-12 . figure 26 examples for the synchronous transfer interrupt control with one enabled stixy xy: 10 11 21 20 cda_tdspxy.tss: ts0 ts1 ts5 ts11 msti.stixy: ? 0 ?? 1 ?? 1 ?? 1 ? msti.stovxy: ? 0 ?? 1 ?? 1 ?? 1 ? ts7 ts5 ts6 ts4 ts3 ts1 ts2 ts0 ts11 ts9 ts10 ts8 ts0 ts11 a) interrupts for data access to time slot 0 (b1 after reset), msti.sti10 and msti.stov10 enabled xy: 10 11 21 20 cda_tdspxy.tss: ts0 ts1 ts5 ts11 msti.stixy: ? 0 ?? 1 ?? 1 ?? 1 ? msti.stovxy: ? 1 ?? 1 ?? 1 ?? 0 ? ts7 ts5 ts6 ts4 ts3 ts1 ts2 ts0 ts11 ts9 ts10 ts8 ts0 ts11 b) interrupts for data access to time slot 0 (b1 after reset), stov interrupt used as flag for "last possible cda access"; msti.sti10 and msti.stov20 enabled c) interrupts for data access to time slot 0 and 1 (b1 and b2 after reset), msti.sti10, msti.stov10, msti.sti11 and msti.stov11 enabled sti_stov.vsd xy: 10 11 21 20 cda_tdspxy.tss: ts0 ts1 ts5 ts11 msti.stixy: ? 0 ?? 0 ?? 1 ?? 1 ? msti.stovxy: ? 0 ?? 0 ?? 1 ?? 1 ? ts7 ts5 ts6 ts4 ts3 ts1 ts2 ts0 ts11 ts9 ts10 ts8 ts0 ts11 d) interrupts for data access to time slot 0 (b1 after reset), stov20 interrupt used as flag for "last possible cda access", stov10 interrupt used as flag for "cda access failed"; msti.sti10, msti.stov10 and msti.stov20 enabled xy: 10 11 21 20 cda_tdspxy.tss: ts0 ts1 ts5 ts11 msti.stixy: ? 0 ?? 1 ?? 1 ?? 1 ? msti.stovxy: ? 0 ?? 1 ?? 1 ?? 0 ? ts7 ts5 ts6 ts4 ts3 ts1 ts2 ts0 ts11 ts9 ts10 ts8 ts0 ts11 : stov interrupt generated for a not acknowledged sti interrupt : sti interrupt generated psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 interfaces data sheet 45 2001-03-12 figure 27 shows the timing of looping tsa on du to tsa on dd (a = 0...11) via cdaxy register. tsa is read in the cdaxy register from du and is written one frame later on dd. . figure 27 data access when looping tsa from du to dd tsa du tsa fsc cdaxy c rd wr ack stov tsa dd tsa sti a = 0...11 *) if access by the c is required *) sti psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 interfaces data sheet 46 2001-03-12 figure 28 shows the timing of shifting data from tsa to tsb on du(dd). in figure 28a) shifting is done in one frame because tsa and tsb didn ? t succeed direct one another (a,b = 0...9 and b a+2) . in figure 28b) shifting is done from one frame to the following frame. this is the case when the time slots succeed one other (b = a+1) or b is smaller than a (b < a). figure 28 data access when shifting tsa to tsb on du (dd) tsa du tsb fsc cdaxy c rd wr ack stov sti tsa sti tsa cdaxy c rd wr ack stov sti tsb tsa tsb (dd) (a,b: 0...11 and (b = a+1 or b psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 interfaces data sheet 48 2001-03-12 figure 29 shows three examples for the generation of a strobe signal. in example 1 the sds is active during channel b2 on iom-2 whereas in the second example during ic1 and ic2. the third example shows a strobe signal for 2b+d channels which is used e.g. at an idsl (144kbit/s) transmission. figure 29 data strobe signal fsc dd,du m r m x d ci0 sds1,2 (example1) sds1,2 (example2) sds1,2 (example3) tss ens_tss ens_tss+1 ens_tss+3 example 1: = ? 0 h ? = ? 0 ? = ? 1 ? = ? 0 ? tss ens_tss ens_tss+1 ens_tss+3 example 2: = ? 5 h ? = ? 1 ? = ? 1 ? = ? 0 ? tss ens_tss ens_tss+1 ens_tss+3 example 3: = ? 0 h ? = ? 1 ? = ? 1 ? = ? 1 ? ts0 ts11 ts10 ts9 ts8 ts7 ts6 ts5 ts4 ts3 ts2 ts1 ts0 ts1 b1 b2 mon0 ic1 ic2 mon1 m r m x ci1 strobe.vsd psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 interfaces data sheet 49 2001-03-12 2.2.3.2 strobed iom-2 bit clock the strobed iom bit clock is active during the programmed window (see chapter 7.3.8 ). outside the programmed window a ? 0 ? is driven. two examples are shown in figure 30 . figure 30 strobed iom bit clock. register sds_conf programmed to 01 h or 03 h fsc dd,du m r m x d ci0 sds1 (example1) sds1 (example2) ts0 ts11 ts10 ts9 ts8 ts7 ts6 ts5 ts4 ts3 ts2 ts1 ts0 ts1 b1 b2 mon0 ic1 ic2 mon1 m r m x ci1 bcl_strobed.vsd tss ens_tss ens_tss+1 ens_tss+3 example 1: = ? 0 h ? = ? 0 ? = ? 0 ? = ? 1 ? tss ens_tss ens_tss+1 ens_tss+3 example 2: = ? 5 h ? = ? 1 ? = ? 1 ? = ? 0 ? setting of sds1_cr: psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 interfaces data sheet 50 2001-03-12 2.2.4 iom-2 monitor channel the iom-2 monitor channel ( see figure 20 ) is utilized for information exchange between the scout and other devices connected to the monitor channel. the monitor channel data can be controlled by the bits in the monitor control register (mon_cr). for the monitor data one of the three iom channels can be selected by setting the monitor channel selection bits (mcs). the dps bit in the same register selects between an output on du or dd respectively and with en_mon the monitor data can be enabled/disabled. the default value is monitor channel 0 (mon0) enabled and transmission on dd. figure 31 examples of monitor channel applications scout layer 1 codec monitor handler scout layer 1 codec monitor handler v/d module e.g. jade psb 7238 scout layer 1 codec monitor handler c scout as slave device c scout as master device monappl.vsd iom-2 monitor channel v/d module e.g. arcofi-ba psb 2161 iom-2 monitor channel v/d module e.g. jade psb 7238 c scout as master device c data exchange between two microcontroller systems iom-2 monitor channel psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 interfaces data sheet 51 2001-03-12 the monitor channel can be used in following applications which are illustrated in figure 31 : as a master device the scout can program and control other devices attached to the iom-2 which do not need a microcontroller interface e.g. arcofi-ba psb 2161. this facilitates redesigning existing terminal designs in which e.g. an interface of an expansion slot is realized with iom-2 interface and monitor programming. as a slave device the codec and the transceiver part of the scout is programmed and controlled from a master device on iom-2 (e.g. jade psb 7238). this is used in applications where no microcontroller is connected directly to the scout. the hdlc controlling is processed by the master device therefore the hdlc data is transferred via iom-2 interface directly to the master device. for data exchange between two microcontroller systems attached to two different devices on one iom-2 backplane. use of the monitor channel avoids the necessity of a dedicated serial communication path between the two systems. this simplifies the system design of terminal equipment. psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 interfaces data sheet 52 2001-03-12 2.2.4.1 handshake procedure the monitor channel operates on an asynchronous basis. while data transfers on the bus take place synchronized to frame sync, the flow of data is controlled by a handshake procedure using the monitor channel receive (mr) and monitor channel transmit (mx) bits. data is placed onto the monitor channel and the mx bit is activated. this data will be transmitted once per 8-khz frame until the transfer is acknowledged via the mr bit. the monitor channel protocol is described in the following section and illustrated in figure 32 . the relevant control and status bits for transmission and reception are listed in table 7 and table 8 . table 7 transmission of monitor data control/ status bit register bit function control mocr mxc mx bit control mie interrupt (mda, mab, mer) enable status mosr mda data acknowledged interrupt mab data abort interrupt msta mac transmission active table 8 reception of monitor data control/ status bit register bit function control mocr mrc mr bit control mre receive interrupt (mdr) enable status mosr mdr data received interrupt mer end of reception interrupt psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 interfaces data sheet 53 2001-03-12 figure 32 monitor channel protocol (iom-2) transmission c mie=1 mox=adr mxc=1 mac=1 mda int. mox=data1 mda int. mox=data2 mda int. mxc=0 mac=0 mon ff ff adr data1 data2 adr data1 data2 ff ff mx data1 data1 data2 data2 ff ff 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 mr 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 reception c 125s mdr int. rd mor (=adr) mrc=1 mer int. mrc=0 mdr int. rd mor (=data2) rd mor (=data1) mdr int. adr 0 1 adr 00 mre=1 mie=1 psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 interfaces data sheet 54 2001-03-12 before starting a transmission, the microcontroller should verify that the transmitter is inactive, i.e. that a possible previous transmission has been terminated. this is indicated by a ? 0 ? in the monitor channel active mac status bit. after having written the monitor data transmit (mox) register, the microcontroller sets the monitor transmit control bit mxc to ? 1 ? . this enables the mx bit to go active (0), indicating the presence of valid monitor data (contents of mox) in the corresponding frame. as a result, the receiving device stores the monitor byte in its monitor receive mor register and generates an mdr interrupt status (mre must be ? 1 ? ). alerted by the mdr interrupt, the microcontroller reads the monitor receive (mor) register. when it is ready to accept data (e.g. based on the value in mor, which in a point-to-multipoint application might be the address of the destination device), it sets the mr control bit mrc to ? 1 ? to enable the receiver to store succeeding monitor channel bytes and acknowledge them according to the monitor channel protocol. in addition, it enables other monitor channel interrupts by setting monitor interrupt enable (mie) to ? 1 ? . as a result, the first monitor byte is acknowledged by the receiving device setting the mr bit to ? 0 ? . this causes a monitor data acknowledge mda interrupt status at the transmitter. a new monitor data byte can now be written by the microcontroller in mox. the mx bit is still in the active (0) state. the transmitter indicates a new byte in the monitor channel by returning the mx bit active after sending it once in the inactive state. as a result, the receiver stores the monitor byte in mor and generates a new mdr interrupt status. when the microcontroller has read the mor register, the receiver acknowledges the data by returning the mr bit active after sending it once in the inactive state. this in turn causes the transmitter to generate an mda interrupt status. this "mda interrupt ? write data ? mdr interrupt ? read data ? mda interrupt" handshake is repeated as long as the transmitter has data to send. when the last byte has been acknowledged by the receiver (mda interrupt status), the microcontroller sets the monitor transmit control bit mxc to ? 0 ? . this enforces an inactive ( ? 1 ? ) state in the mx bit. two frames of mx inactive signifies the end of a message. thus, a monitor channel end of reception mer interrupt status is generated by the receiver when the mx bit is received in the inactive state in two consecutive frames. as a result, the microcontroller sets the mr control bit mrc to 0, which in turn enforces an inactive state in the mr bit. this marks the end of the transmission, making the monitor channel active mac bit return to ? 0 ? . during a transmission process, it is possible for the receiver to ask a transmission to be aborted by sending an inactive mr bit value in two consecutive frames. this is effected by the microcontroller writing the mr control bit mrc to ? 0 ? . an aborted transmission is indicated by a monitor channel data abort mab interrupt status at the transmitter. psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 interfaces data sheet 55 2001-03-12 the monitor transfer protocol rules are summarized in the following section a pair of mx and mr in the inactive state for two or more consecutive frames indicates an idle state or an end of transmission . a start of a transmission is initiated by the transmitter by setting the mxc bit to ? 1 ? enabling the internal mx control. the receiver acknowledges the received first byte by setting the mr control bit to ? 1 ? enabling the internal mr control. the internal mx,mr control indicates or acknowledges a new byte in the mon slot by toggling mx,mr from the active to the inactive state for one frame. two frames with the mx-bit in the inactive state indicate the end of transmission . two frames with the mr-bit set to inactive indicate a receiver request for abort . the transmitter can delay a transmission sequence by sending the same byte continuously. in that case the mx-bit remains active in the iom-2 frame following the first byte occurrence. since a double last-look criterion is implemented the receiver is able to receive the mon slot data at least twice (in two consecutive frames). the receiver acknowledge the data after the reception of two identical bytes in two successive frames. to control this handshake procedure a collision detection mechanism is implemented in the transmitter. this is done by making a collision check per bit on the transmitted monitor data and the mx bit. monitor data will be transmitted repeatedly until its reception is acknowledged or the transmission time-out timer expires. two frames with the mx bit in the inactive state indicates the end of a message (eom). transmission and reception of monitor messages can be performed simultaneously. this feature is used by the scout to send back the response before the transmission from the controller is completed (the scout does not wait for eom from the controller). monitor control commands nevertheless are processed sequential that means e.g. during a read on a register no further command is executed. 2.2.4.2 error treatment in case the scout does not detect identical monitor messages in two successive frames, transmission is not aborted. instead the scout will wait until two identical bytes are received in succession. a transmission is aborted by the scout if an error in the mr handshaking occurs a collision on the iom bus of the monitor data or mx bit occurs the transmission time-out timer expires a reception is aborted by the scout if an error in the handshaking occurs or an abort request from the opposite device occurs psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 interfaces data sheet 56 2001-03-12 mx/mr treatment in error case: in the master mode the mx/mr bits are under control of the microcontroller through mxc or mrc respectively. an abort is indicated by an mab interrupt or mer interrupt respectively. in the slave mode the mx/mr bits are under control of the scout. an abort is always indicated by setting the mx/mr bit inactive for two or more iom-2 frames. the controller must react with eom. figure 33 shows an example for an abort requested by the receiver, figure 34 shows an example for an abort requested by the transmitter and figure 35 shows an example for a successful transmission. figure 33 monitor channel, transmission abort requested by the receiver figure 34 monitor channel, transmission abort requested by the transmitter mx (du) iom -2 frame no. 1 2 345 67 eom mr (dd) 1 0 1 0 mon_rec-abort.vsd abort request from receiver mr (du) iom -2 frame no. 1 2 345 67 mx (dd) 1 0 1 0 eom mon_tx-abort.vsd abort request from transmitter psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 interfaces data sheet 57 2001-03-12 figure 35 monitor channel, normal end of transmission 2.2.4.3 monitor channel programming as a master device as a master device the scout can program and control other devices attached to the iom-2 interface. the master mode is selected by default if the microcontroller interface is used. the monitor data is written by the microcontroller in the mox register and transmitted via iom-2 dd(du) line to the programmed/controlled device e.g. arcofi- ba psb 2161. the transfer of the commands in the mon channel is regulated by the handshake protocol mechanism with mx, mr which is described in the previous chapters 2.2.4.1 and 2.2.4.2 . if the transmitted command was a read command the slave device responds by sending the requested data. the data structure of the transmitted monitor message depends on the device which is programmed. therefore the first byte of the message is a specific address code which contains in the higher nibble a monitor channel address to identify different devices. the length of the messages depends on the accessed device and the command following the address byte. 2.2.4.4 monitor channel programming as a slave device applications in which no controller is connected to the scout it must operate in the monitor slave mode which can be selected by pinstrapping the microcontroller interface pins according to chapter 2.1 . as a slave device the codec and the transceiver part of the scout is programmed and controlled by a master device at the iom-2 interface. all programming data required by the scout are received in the monitor time slot of channel 0 on the iom-2 and is transferred in the mor register. the transfer of the commands in the mon channel is regulated by the handshake protocol mechanism with mx, mr which is described in the previous chapters 2.2.4.1 and 2.2.4.2 mr (du) iom -2 frame no. 1 2 345 67 mx (dd) 1 0 1 0 eom mon_norm.vsd 8 psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 interfaces data sheet 58 2001-03-12 the first byte of the monitor message must contain in the higher nibble the monitor channel address code which is ? 1010 ? for the scout. the lower nibble distinguishes between a programming command or an identification command. identification command in order to be able to identify unambiguously different hardware designs of the scout by software, the following identification command is used: the scout responds to this dd identification sequence by sending a du identification sequence: design: six bit code, specific for each device in order to identify differences in operation ( see chapter 7.2.14 ). this identification sequence is usually done once, when the terminal is connected for the first time. this function is used by the software to distinguish between different possible hardware configurations. however this sequence is not compulsory. programming sequence the programming sequence is characterized by a ? 1 ? being sent in the lower nibble of the received address code. the data structure after this first byte is equivalent to the structure of the serial control interface described in chapter 2.1.1 . all registers can be read back when setting the r/w bit to ? 1 ? in the byte for the command/ register address. the scout responds by sending his iom specific address byte (a1 h ) followed by the requested data. dd 1st byte value 10100000 dd 2nd byte value 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 du 1st byte value 10100000 du 2nd byte value 1 0 design psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 interfaces data sheet 59 2001-03-12 2.2.4.5 monitor time-out procedure to prevent lock-up situations in a monitor transmission a time-out procedure can be enabled by setting the time-out bit (tout) in the monitor configuration register (mconf). an internal timer is always started when the transmitter must wait for the reply of the addressed device or for transmit data from the microcontroller. after 40 iom frames (5ms) without reply the timer expires and the transmission will be aborted. 2.2.4.6 monitor interrupt logic figure 36 shows the monitor interrupt structure of the scout. the monitor data receive interrupt status mdr has two enable bits, monitor receive interrupt enable ( mre ) and mr bit control ( mrc ). the monitor channel end of reception mer , monitor channel data acknowledged mda and monitor channel data abort mab interrupt status bits have a common enable bit monitor interrupt enable mie . mre inactive (0) prevents the occurrence of mdr status, including when the first byte of a packet is received. when mre is active (1) but mrc is inactive, the mdr interrupt status is generated only for the first byte of a receive packet. when both mre and mrc are active, mdr is always generated and all received monitor bytes - marked by a 1- to-0 transition in mx bit - are stored. (additionally, an active mrc enables the control of the mr handshake bit according to the monitor channel protocol.) figure 36 monitor interrupt structure cic st mos tran hdlc tin wov int ista mask cic st mos tran hdlc tin wov mre mdr mie mda mer mab mosr mocr psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 interfaces data sheet 60 2001-03-12 2.2.5 c/i channel handling the command/indication channel carries real-time status information between the scout and another device connected to the iom. 1) one c/i channel (called c/i0) conveys the commands and indications between the layer-1 and the layer-2 parts of the scout. it can be accessed by an external layer-2 device e.g. to control the layer-1 activation/deactivation procedures. c/i0 channel access may be arbitrated via the tic bus access protocol. in this case the arbitration is done in c/i channel 2 ( see figure 20 ). the c/i0 channel is accessed via register cir0 (in receive direction, layer-1 to layer-2) and register cix0 (in transmit direction, layer-2 to layer-1). the c/i0 code is four bits long. a listing and explanation of the layer-1 c/i codes can be found in chapter 2.3.7.1.3 and 2.3.7.1.5 . in the receive direction, the code from layer-1 is continuously monitored, with an interrupt being generated anytime a change occurs (ista.cic). a new code must be found in two consecutive iom frames to be considered valid and to trigger a c/ i code change interrupt status (double last look criterion). in the transmit direction, the code written in cix0 is continuously transmitted in c/i0. 2) a second c/i channel (called c/i1) can be used to convey real time status information between the scout and various non-layer-1 peripheral devices e.g. psb 2161 arcofi-ba. the c/i1 channel consists of four or six bits in each direction.the width can be changed from 4bit to 6bit by setting bit cix1.cicw. the c/i1 channel is accessed via registers cir1 and cix1. a change in the received c/i1 code is indicated by an interrupt status without double last look criterion. 2.2.5.1 cic interrupt logic figure 37 shows the cic interrupt structure. a cic interrupt may originate ? from a change in received c/i channel 0 code (cic0) or ? from a change in received c/i channel 1 code (cic1). the two corresponding status bits cic0 and cic1 are read in cir0 register. cic1 can be individually disabled by clearing the enable bit ci1e in the cix1 register. in this case the occurrence of a code change in cir1 will not be displayed by cic1 until the corresponding enable bit has been set to one. bits cic0 and cic1 are cleared by a read of cir0. an interrupt status is issued every time a valid new code is loaded into cir0 or cir1. the cir0 is buffered with a fifo size of two. if a second code change occurs in the received c/i channel 0 before the first one has been read, immediately after reading of cir0 a new interrupt will be generated and the new code will be stored in cir0. psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 interfaces data sheet 61 2001-03-12 if several consecutive codes are detected, only the first and the last code is obtained at the first and second register read, respectively. for cir1 no fifo is available. the actual code of the received c/i channel 1 is always stored in cir1. figure 37 cic interrupt structure 2.2.6 settings after reset (see also chapter 7.3) after reset the codec, the tic-bus access, the serial data strobes (pin sds1 and sds2) and the controller data access are disabled. the iom handler is enabled except the generation of the bit clock (pin bcl). the monitor handler is enabled for channel mon0 and the transceiver for the channels b1, b2, c/i0 and d. the hdlc controller is connected to the d channels. the pins dd and du are in open drain state. the synchronous transfer interrupts and synchronous transfer overflow interrupts are masked. cic st mos tran hdlc tin wov int ista mask cic1 ci1e cic0 cir0 cix1 cic st mos tran hdlc tin wov psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 interfaces data sheet 62 2001-03-12 2.2.7 d-channel access control d-channel access control was defined to guarantee all connected hdlc controllers a fair chance to transmit data in the d-channel. collisions are possible on the iom-2 interface, if there are more than one hdlc controller connected, or on the s-interface if there are more than one terminal connected in a point to multipoint configuration (nt -> te1 ... te8). both arbitration mechanisms are implemented in the scout and will be described in the following two chapters. 2.2.7.1 tic bus d-channel access control the tic bus is implemented to organize the access to the layer-1 functions provided in the scout (c/i-channel) and to the d-channel from up to 7 external communication controllers (see figure 38 ). to this effect the outputs of the controllers (icc:isdn communication controller peb 2070) are wired-or and connected to pin du. the inputs of the iccs are connected to pin dd. external pull-up resistors on du/dd are required. the arbitration mechanism must be activated by setting modeh.dim2-0=00x. figure 38 applications of tic bus in iom-2 bus configuration b-channel voice/data communication with d-channel signaling tic_arbi-s0.vsd u-interface scout-s(x) s-interface tic bus d-channel access control b-channel voice/data communication with d-channel signaling icc(1) s-transceiver nt c-interface d-channel telemetry/ packet communication icc(7) iom-2 interface tic bus psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 interfaces data sheet 63 2001-03-12 the arbitration mechanism is implemented in the last octet in iom channel 2 of the iom- 2 interface (see figure 39 ). an access request to the tic bus may either be generated by software ( p access to the c/i channel) or by the scout itself (transmission of an hdlc frame in the d-channel). a software access request to the bus is effected by setting the bac bit (cix0 register) to ? 1 ? . in the case of an access request, the scout checks the bus accessed-bit bac (bit 5 of du last octet of channel 2, see figure 39 ) for the status "bus free ? , which is indicated by a logical ? 1 ? . if the bus is free, the scout transmits its individual tic bus address tad programmed in the cix0 register and compares it bit by bit with the value on du. if a sent bit set to ? 1 ? is read back as ? 0 ? because of the access of another d-channel source with a lower tad, the scout withdraws immediately from the tic bus. the tic bus is occupied by the device which sends its address error-free. if more than one device attempt to seize the bus simultaneously, the one with the lowest address wins and starts d-channel transmission. figure 39 structure of last octet of ch2 on du when the tic bus is seized by the scout, the bus is identified to other devices as occupied via the du channel 2 bus accessed-bit state ? 0 ? until the access request is withdrawn. after a successful bus access, the scout is automatically set into a lower priority class, that is, a new bus access cannot be performed until the status "bus free" is indicated in two successive frames. if none of the devices connected to the iom interface requests access to the d and c/i channels, the tic bus address 7 will be present. the device with this address will therefore have access, by default, to the d and c/i channels. note: bit bac (cix0 register) should be reset by the p when access to the c/i channels is no more requested, to grant other devices access to the d and c/i channels. du tic_octet-du.vsd % % 021 ,& ,& 021 &, &, ' bac tad mx mr mx mr %$& 7$' tic-bus address (tad 2-0) bus accessed ( ? 1 ? no tic-bus access) psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 interfaces data sheet 64 2001-03-12 the availability of the line interface d channel is indicated in bit 5 "stop/go" (s/g) of the dd last octet of channel 2 ( figure 40 ). s/g = 1 : stop s/g = 0 : go figure 40 structure of last octet of ch2 on dd the stop/go bit is available to other layer-2 devices connected to the iom to determine if they can access the d channel of the s/t interface. for test purposes the e bits received on the s/t interface are transparently transferred data downstream to bits 7 and 6 of the last octet of channel 2. 2.2.7.2 s-bus priority mechanism for d-channel the s-bus d-channel access procedure specified in itu i.430 was defined to organize d-channel access with multiple tes connected to a single s-bus (see figure 41 ). the d-channel s-bus status is indicated towards the iom-2 interface with the s/g bit (see previous section). the priority mechanism as specified in itu i.430 is fully implemented in the scout. for this purpose the d-channel collision detection according to itu i.430 must be enabled by setting dim2-0 in the register modeh to ? 0x1 ? . in this case the scout continuously compares the d data bits with the received e-echo bits. if the s/g bit is set to ? 0 ? the 1st d-bit, contained in the iom-2 frame following the s/ g bit appears on the s/t bus in time (after 8, 9, 10, 11 consecutive logical ? 1 ? s). the priority class (priority 8 or priority 10) is selected by transferring the appropriate activation command via the command/indication (c/i) channel of the iom-2 interface to the scout s-interface. if the activation is initiated by a te, the priority class is selected implicitly by the choice of the activation command. if the s-interface is activated from the nt, an activation command selecting the desired priority class should be programmed at the te on reception of the activation indication (ai8 or ai10). dd tic_octetdd-s0.vsd % % 021 ,& ,& 021 &, &, ' s/g a/b mx mr mx mr 6* $% (( available/blocked stop/go e bits received on s psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 interfaces data sheet 65 2001-03-12 in the activated state the priority class may be changed whenever required by simply programming the desired activation request command (ar8 or ar10). priority change is accepted without the double last-look criterion. the s-transceiver will not be transparent in transmit direction for the b- and d- channels before an ar command has been written to cix0. figure 41 d-channel access control on the s-interface psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 interfaces data sheet 66 2001-03-12 the following scheme illustrates a priority class 8/10 selection with nt initiated activation and with te initiated activation 1. priority class 8/10 selection with nt initiated activation 2. priority class 8/10 selection with te initiated activation te iom ? -2 nt iom ? -2 c/i dc (1111b) c/i dc (1111b) c/i di (1111b) c/i di (1111b) c/i ar (1000b) c/i ar (1000b) ; start activation from c/i ai8 (1100b) c/i ar (1000b) ; nt side c/i al (1100b) ; allocate highest priority c/i ar8 (1000b) c/i al (1100b) ; (e.g. for signaling data) d: transfer signalling ; allocate lower priority c/i ar10 (1001b) ; for packet data d: transfer packet data c/i ai10 (1101b) te iom ? -2 nt iom ? -2 c/i dc (1111b) c/i dc (1111b) c/i di (1111b) c/i di (1111b) c/i ar10 (1001b) c/i ar (1000b) ; start activation with lower d: transfer packet data ; priority for packet data c/i rsy (0100b) c/i ar (1000b) c/i ar (1000b) c/i ai (1100b) c/i ai10 (1101b) c/i ai (1100b) ; c/i ar8 (1000b) ; allocate highest priority d: transfer signalling c/i ai8 (1100b) psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 interfaces data sheet 67 2001-03-12 2.2.8 activation/deactivation of iom-2 interface the iom-2 interface can be switched off in the inactive state, reducing power consumption to a minimum. in this deactivated state is fsc = ? 1 ? , dcl = ? 0 ? and bcl = ? 1 ? ? and the data lines are ? 1 ? . the data between the functional blocks of the scout is then transferred internally. the iom-2 interface can be kept active while the line interface is deactivated by setting the cfs bit to "0" (mode register). this is the case after a hardware reset. if the iom-2 interface should be switched off while the s interface is deactivated, the cfs bit should be set to ? 1 ? . in this case the internal oscillator is disabled when no signal (info 0) is present on the line interface and the c/i command is ? 1111 ? = diu (see chapter 2.3.8 and 2.3.7.1.3 ). if the te wants to activate the line, it has first to activate the iom-2 interface either by using the "software power up" function (iom_cr.spu bit) or by setting the cfs bit to "0" again. the deactivation procedure is shown in figure 42 . after detecting the code di (deactivate indication) the layer 1 of the scout responds by transmitting dc (deactivate confirmation) during subsequent frames and stops the timing signals synchronously with the end of the last c/i (c/i0) channel bit of the 10th frame. figure 42 deactivation of the iom ? -interface iom ? -2 deactivated dc dc dc dc dr di di di di di di di di di b1 b2 d cio d cio dcl dd du fsc iom ? -2 itd09655 di di di dc dc dc dc dc dc dr dr psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 interfaces data sheet 68 2001-03-12 the clock pulses will be enabled again when the du line is pulled low (e.g. bit spu in the iom_cr register) or when a non-zero level on the line interface is detected and tr_conf0.ldd is set to ? 0 ? . the clocks are turned on after approximately 0.2 to 4 ms depending on the capacitances on xtal 1/2. dcl is activated such that its first rising edge occurs with the beginning of the bit following the c/i (c/i0) channel. after the clocks have been enabled this is indicated by the pu code in the c/i channel and by a cic interrupt. the du line may be released by resetting the software power up bit iom_cr.spu = ? 0 ? and the c/i code written to cix0 before (e.g. tim or ar8) is output on du. the scout supplies iom timing signals as long as there is no diu command in the c/ i (c/i0) channel. if timing signals are no longer required and activation is not yet requested, this is indicated by programming diu in the cix0 register. psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 interfaces data sheet 69 2001-03-12 figure 43 activation of the iom-interface itd09656 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ fsc du dd fsc du dd dcl spu = 1 spu = 0 cic : cixo = tim int. tim pu b1 b1 mx mr 0.2 to 4 ms 132 x dcl tim tim pu pu pu pu r iom -ch1 r iom -ch2 iom -ch2 r iom r -ch1 psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 interfaces data sheet 70 2001-03-12 2.3 s/t interface the layer-1 functions for the s/t interface of the scout are: ? line transceiver functions for the s/t interface according to the electrical specifications of itu-t i.430 ? conversion of the frame structure between iom and s/t interface ? conversion from/to binary to/from pseudo-ternary code ? level detection ? receive timing recovery ? iom timing synchronous to the s/t interface ? d-channel access as specified in itu i.430 ( see chapter 2.2.7.2 ) ? activation/deactivation procedures, triggered by primitives received over the iom c/i channel or by info's received from the line ? execution of test loops. 2.3.1 wiring configurations the wiring configurations in user premises, in which the scout can be used, are illustrated in figure 44 . psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 interfaces data sheet 71 2001-03-12 figure 44 wiring configurations in user premises point-to-point configurations ... extended passive bus ... short passive bus psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 interfaces data sheet 72 2001-03-12 2.3.2 frame structure each s/t frame consists of 48 bits at a nominal bit rate of 192 kbit/s. for user data (b1+b2+d) the frame structure applies to a data rate of 144 kbit/s (see figure 45 ). in the direction te nt the frame is transmitted with a two bit offset. for details on the framing rules please refer to itu i.430 section 6.3. the following figure illustrates the standard frame structure for both directions (nt te and te nt) with all framing and maintenance bits. psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 interfaces data sheet 73 2001-03-12 figure 45 frame structure at reference points s and t (itu i.430) note: the itu i.430 standard specifies s1 - s5 for optional use. the scout supports s1 ? f framing bit f = (0b) identifies new frame (always positive pulse) ? l. d.c. balancing bit l. = (0b) number of binary zeros sent after the last l. bit was odd ? d d-channel data bit signaling data specified by user ? e d-channel echo bit e = d no d-channel collision. zeros overwrite ones ? f a auxiliary framing bit see section 6.3 in itu i.430 ? nn = ? b1 b1-channel data bit user data ? b2 b2-channel data bit user data ? a activation bit a = (0b) info 2 transmitted a = (1b) info 4 transmitted ? s s-channel data bit s 1 channel data (see note below) ? m multiframing bit m = (1b) start of new multi-frame f a psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 interfaces data sheet 74 2001-03-12 2.3.3 multi-framing according to itu recommendation i.430 a multi-frame provides extra layer-1 capacity in the te-to-nt direction through the use of an extra channel between the te and nt (q- channel). the q bits are defined to be the bits in the f a bit position. in the nt-to-te direction the s-channel bits are used for information transmission. one s-channel (s1) out of five possible s-channels can be accessed by the scout. the s- and q-channels are accessed via the c interface or the iom-2 monitor channel respectively by reading/writing the sqr or sqx bits in the s/q channel registers (sqrr, sqxr). table 9 shows the s and q bit positions within the multi-frame. table 9 s/q-bit position identification and multi-frame structure frame number nt-to-te f a bit position nt-to-te m bit nt-to-te s bit te-to-nt f a bit position 1 2 3 4 5 one zero zero zero zero one zero zero zero zero s11 zero zero zero zero q1 zero zero zero zero 6 7 8 9 10 one zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero s12 zero zero zero zero q2 zero zero zero zero 11 12 13 14 15 one zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero s13 zero zero zero zero q3 zero zero zero zero 16 17 18 19 20 one zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero s14 zero zero zero zero q4 zero zero zero zero 1 2 one zero one zero s11 zero q1 zero psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 interfaces data sheet 75 2001-03-12 after multi-frame synchronization has been established, the q data will be inserted at the upstream (te nt) f a bit position in each 5th s/t frame (see table 9 ). when synchronization is not achieved or lost, each received f a bit is mirrored to the next transmitted f a bit. multi-frame synchronization is achieved after two complete multi-frames have been detected with reference to f a /n bit and m bit positions. multi-frame synchronization is lost if bit errors in f a /n bit or m bit positions have been detected in two consecutive multi- frames. the synchronization state is indicated by the msyn bit in the s/q-channel receive register (sqrr). the multi-frame synchronization can be enabled or disabled by programming the mfen bit in the s/q-channel transmit register (sqxr). 2.3.3.1 interrupt handling for multi-framing to trigger the microcontroller for a multi-frame access an interrupt can be generated once per multi-frame or if the 4 bits of the received s-channel have changed (see chapter 7.2.8 ). in both cases the microcontroller has access to the multi-frame within 18 s frames (4.5 ms). 2.3.4 line code the following figure illustrates the line code. a binary one is represented by no line signal. binary zeros are coded with alternating positive and negative pulses with two exceptions: the first binary zero following the framing balance bit is of the same polarity as the framing-balancing bit and the last binary zero before the framing bit is of the same polarity as the framing bit (required code violations). figure 46 s/t -interface line code (without code violation) psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 interfaces data sheet 76 2001-03-12 2.3.5 phase deviation the s/t transmitter is shifted by two s/t bits - 7 oscillator periods (plus analog delay plus delay of the external circuitry) with respect to the received frame. to compensate additional delay introduced into the receive and transmit path by the external circuit the delay of the transmit data can be reduced by another two oscillator periods (260 ns). therefore pds of the tr_conf2 register must be programmed to ? 1 ? . this delay compensation might be necessary in order to comply with the "total phase deviation input to output" requirement of itu-t recommendation i.430 which specifies a phase deviation in the range of ? 7% to + 15% of a bit period. 2.3.6 data transfer and delay between iom and s/t interface in the state f7 (activated) or if the internal layer-1 statemachine is disabled and xinf of register tr_cmd is programmed to ? 011 ? the b1, b2, d and e bits are transferred transparently from the s/t to the iom interface. in all other states ? 1 ? s are transmitted to the iom interface. to transfer data transparently to the s/t interface any activation request c/i command (ar8, ar10 or arl) is additionally necessary or if the internal layer-1 statemachine is disabled bit tddis of register tr_cmd has additionally to be programmed to ? 0 ? . figure 47 shows the data delay between the iom and the s/t interface and vise versa. for the d channel the delay from the iom to the s/t interface is only valid if s/g evaluation is disabled ( see chapter 2.2.7.2 ). figure 47 data delay between iom and s/t interface line_iom_s.vsd b2 d b1 b2 d b1 b2 d b1 b2 d b1 b2 d b1 b2 d b1 b2 d b1 b2 d b1 nt -> te dd du fsc te -> nt b1 b1 b2 b2 f d d d d b1 b1 b2 b2 f d d d d b1 b1 b2 b2 f d d d d e e e e b1 b1 b2 b2 f d d d d e e e e e e e e psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 interfaces data sheet 77 2001-03-12 2.3.7 control of layer-1 the layer-1 activation/ deactivation can be controlled by an internal statemachine via the iom-2 c/i0 channel or by software via the microcontroller interface directly. in the default state the internal layer-1 state machine of the scout-sx) is used. to disable the internal state machine tr_conf0.l1sw must be set to ? 1 ? and a c/i code tim ( ? 0000 ? ) has to be programmed into cix0.codx0 if the internal state machine is disabled the layer-1 commands, which are normally generated by the internal state machine can be written directly into the tr_cmd register or the received status read out from the tr_sta register respectively. the scout layer-1 control flow is shown in figure 48 . figure 48 layer-1 control register cix0 cir0 layer-1 control layer-1 state machine layer1_ctl.vsd transmit info transmitter receiver receive info command register for transmitter (tr_cmd) status register of receiver (tr_sta) c/i command c/i indication microcontroller interface disable internal statemachine (tr_conf.l1sw) psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 interfaces data sheet 78 2001-03-12 2.3.7.1 internal layer-1 statemachine in the following sections the layer-1 control by the scout statemachine will be described. for the description of the iom-2 c/i0 channel see also chapter 2.2.5 . the layer-1 functions are controlled by commands issued via the c/i channel 0 of the iom interface to the layer-1 to trigger certain procedures, such as activation/ deactivation, switching of test loops and transmission of special pulse patterns. responses from layer-1 are obtained by indications via the c/i channel 0 of the iom interface. 2.3.7.1.1 state transition diagram the activation/deactivation procedure implemented in the scout agrees to the requirements set forth in itu recommendations. state identifiers f1-f8 are in accordance with itu i.430. the statemachine includes all information relevant to the user. the state diagram notation is given in figure 49 . the informations contained in the state diagrams are: ? state name (based on itu i.430) ? signal received from the s/t interface (info) ? signal transmitted to the s/t interface (info) ? c/i code received (commands) ? c/i code transmitted (indications) ? transition criteria the transition criteria are grouped into: ? c/i commands ? signals received from the s/t interface (infos) ? reset psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 interfaces data sheet 79 2001-03-12 figure 49 state diagram notation as can be seen from the transition criteria, combinations of multiple conditions are possible as well. a ? ? ? stands for a logical and combination. and a ? + ? indicates a logical or combination. the sections following the state diagram contain detailed information on all states and signals used. figure 50 shows the state transition diagram of the scout statemachine. figure 51 shows this for the unconditional transitions (reset, loop, test modi i). iom-2 interface c/i code statem_notation_s.vsd state ind. cmd. i x i r s/t interface info in out unconditional transition psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 interfaces data sheet 80 2001-03-12 figure 50 state transition diagram x 1) ar stands for ar8 or ar10 2) ai stands for ai8 or ai10 3) x stands for commands initiating unconditional transitions (res, arl, tm1 or tm2) to1: 16 ms to2: 0.5 ms statem_te_s.vsd f3 pending deact. dr i0 i0 f3 power down dc di i0 i0 ar i2 tim f3 power up pu tim i0 i0 di tim di i2 di tim i4 i0*to1 ar di i2 f7 activated ai 2) ar 1) i3 i4 f6 synchronized ar i3 i2 x f5 unsynchronized rsy i0 ix i2 i0 f4 pending act. pu ar 1) i1 i0 x i4 i2 i2 i4 ix+i0 ix+i0 tim i4 i4 i4 tim di tim x 3) uncond. state x di ix f8 lost framing rsy i0 x psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 interfaces data sheet 81 2001-03-12 figure 51 state transition diagram of the unconditional transitions 2.3.7.1.2 states f3 pending deactivation state after deactivation from the s/t interface by info 0. note that no activation from the terminal side is possible starting from this state. a ? di ? command has to be issued to enter the state ? power down ? . f3 power down the s/t interface is deactivated and the iom-2 interface is or will be deactivated if the cfs bit of the mode1 register is set to ? 1 ? . activation is possible from the s/t interface and from the iom-2 interface. f3 power up the s/t interface is deactivated and the iom-2 interface is activated, i.e. the clocks are running. f4 pending activation the scout transmits info 1 towards the network, waiting for info 2. f5 unsynchronized any signal except info 2 or 4 detected on the s/t interface. statem_te_aloop_s.vsd loop a activated ail arl i3 * i3 i3 loop a closed pu arl i3 * di tim di tim arl reset res res i0 * di tim reset 1) tmi test mode i tmi tmi it i * di tim 1) possible reset sources: c/i command res software reset via sres.res_tr or reset from pin rst psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 interfaces data sheet 82 2001-03-12 f6 synchronized the receiver has synchronized and detects info 2. info 3 is transmitted to synchronize the nt. f7 activated the receiver has synchronized and detects info 4. all user channels are now conveyed transparently to the iom interface. to transfer user channels transparently to the s/t interface either the command ar8 or ar10 has to be issued. f8 lost framing the receiver has lost synchronization in the states f6 or f7 respectively. unconditional states loop a closed (internal or external, see chapter 2.3.10.1) the scout loops back the transmitter to the receiver and activates by transmission of info 3. the receiver has not yet synchronized. for a non transparent internal loop the dis_tx bit of register tr_conf2 has to be set to ? 1 ? . loop a activated (internal or external, see chapter 2.3.10.1) the receiver has synchronized to info 3. data may be sent. the indication ? ail ? is output to indicate the activated state. test mode 1 single alternating pulses are transmitted to the s/t-interface resulting in a frequency of the fundamental mode of 2 khz. test mode 2 continuous alternating pulses are transmitted to the s/t-interface resulting in a frequency of the fundamental mode of 96 khz. reset a hardware reset, the c/i command res or setting the res_tr bit in the sres register to ? 1 ? forces the scout to an idle state where info 0 is transmitted. thus activation from the nt is not possible. psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 interfaces data sheet 83 2001-03-12 2.3.7.1.3 c/i commands note: in the activated states (ai8, ai10 or ail indication) the 2b+d channels are only transferred transparently to the s/t interface if one of the three ?activation request? commands is issued. 2.3.7.1.4 receive infos on s/t (downstream) command abbr. code remark activation request with priority class 8 ar8 1000 activation requested by the scout, d- channel priority set to 8 ( see note ) activation request with priority class 10 ar10 1001 activation requested by the scout, d- channel priority set to 10 ( see note ) activation request loop arl 1010 activation requested for the internal or external loop a ( see note ). for a non transparent internal loop bit dis_tx of register tr_conf2 has to be set to ? 1 ? additionally. deactivation indication di 1111 deactivation indication reset res 0001 reset of the layer-1 statemachine timing tim 0000 layer-2 device requires clocks to be activated test mode 1 tm1 0010 one ami-coded pulse transmitted in each frame, resulting in a frequency of the fundamental mode of 2 khz test mode 2 tm2 0011 ami-coded pulses transmitted continuously, resulting in a frequency of the fundamental mode of 96 khz name abbr. description info 0 i0 no signal on s/t info 2 i2 4 khz frame a= ? 0 ? info 4 i4 4 khz frame a= ? 1 ? info x ix any signal except info 2 or info 4 psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 interfaces data sheet 84 2001-03-12 2.3.7.1.5 c/i indications indication abbr. code remark deactivation request dr 0000 deactivation request via s/t-interface if left from f7/f8 reset res 0001 reset acknowledge test mode 1 tm1 0010 tm1 acknowledge test mode 2 tm1 0010 tm2 acknowledge resynchronization during level detect rsy 0100 signal received, receiver not synchronous power up pu 0111 iom-2 interface clocking is provided activation request ar 1000 info 2 received activation request loop arl 1010 internal or external loop a closed far-end-code-violation cvr 1011 illegal code violation received. this function has to be enabled by setting the en_fecv bit of register tr_conf0 (see chapter 7.2.1 ). activation indication loop ail 1110 internal or external loop a activated activation indication with priority class 8 ai8 1100 info 4 received, d-channel priority is 8 or 9. activation indication with priority class 10 ai10 1101 info 4 received, d-channel priority is 10 or 11. deactivation confirmation dc 1111 clocks will be disabled if cfs bit of register mode1 is set to ? 1 ? (see chapter 7.2.12 ), quiescent state psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 interfaces data sheet 85 2001-03-12 2.3.7.1.6 transmit infos on s/t (upstream) name abbr. description info 0 i0 no signal on s/t info 1 i1 continuous bit sequence of the form ? 00111111 ? pulses are ami-coded info 3 i3 4 khz frame test info 1 it 1 one ami-coded pulse is transmitted in each frame, resulting in a frequency of the fundamental mode of 2khz test info 2 it 2 ami-coded pulses are transmitted continuously, resulting in a frequency of the fundamental mode of 96 khz psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 interfaces data sheet 86 2001-03-12 2.3.7.1.7 example of activation/deactivation an example of an activation/deactivation of the s/t interface initiated by the terminal with the time relationships mentioned in the previous chapters is shown in figure 52 . figure 52 example of activation/deactivation initiated by the terminal (te). activation/deactivation under control of the internal layer-1 statemachine spu=0, cfs=1 spu=1 spu=0 c interface act_deac_te_int_s.vsd info 0 te nt s/t interface iom-2 interface (c/i) iom-2 interface (c/i) info 1 info 2 pu ar rsy di ar info 0 info 0 info 0 dr di dc t3 dr dc dc di dc info 3 t1 info 4 ar ard tim t1: < 1.5 ms time for synchronization t3: 16 ms time for error free detection of info 0 t2: 0.5 ms time for detecting info4 t3 di t1 ai aid ai t2 psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 interfaces data sheet 87 2001-03-12 2.3.7.2 external layer-1 statemachine instead of using the integrated layer-1 statemachine it is also possible to implement the layer-1 statemachine completely in software. the internal layer-1 statemachine can be disabled by setting the l1sw bit in the tr_conf0 register to ? 1 ? . the transmitter is completely under control of the microcontroller via register tr_cmd ). the status of the receiver is stored in register tr_sta and has to be evaluated by the microcontroller. this register is updated continuously. if not masked a ric interrupt is generated by any change of the register contents. the interrupt is cleared after a read access to this register. psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 interfaces data sheet 88 2001-03-12 2.3.7.2.1 activation initiated by the terminal (te, scout) info 1 has to be transmitted as long as info 0 is received. info 0 has to be transmitted thereafter as long as no valid info (info 2 or info 4) is received. after reception of info 2 or info 4 transmission of info 3 has to be started. data can be transmitted if info 4 has been received. figure 53 example of activation/deactivation initiated by the terminal (te). activation/deactivation completely under software control act_deac_te-ext_s.vsd xinf= ? 000 ? rinf= ? 01 ? rinf= ? 10 ? xinf= ? 011 ? info 1 info 0 info 2 info 0 info 3 info 4 xinf= ? 010 ? t1 te info 0 info 0 info 0 xinf= ? 000 ? te nt s/t interface c interface t1 te : 2 to 6 frames (0.5 ms to 1.5 ms) t3 te : 4 frames (1 ms) t2 te : 2 frames (0.5 ms) t3 te rinf='00' t2 te rinf='11' tddis='1', tddis='0' tddis='1', psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 interfaces data sheet 89 2001-03-12 2.3.7.2.2 activation initiated by the network termination nt info 0 has to be transmitted as long as no valid info (info 2 or info 4) is received. after reception of info 2 or info 4 transmission of info 3 has to be started. data can be transmitted if info 4 has been received. figure 54 example of activation/deactivation initiated by the network termination (nt). activation/deactivation completely under software control act_deac_lt_ext_s.vsd rinf= ? 01 ? rinf= ? 10 ? xinf= ? 011 ? info 0 info 2 info 3 info 4 rinf= ? 11 ? t1 te info 0 info 0 info 0 t2 te t3 te xinf= ? 000 ? rinf= ? 00 ? te nt s/t interface c interface t1 te : 2 to 6 s/t frames (0.5 ms to 1.5 ms) t3 te : 4 s/t frames (1 ms) t2 te : 2 s/t frames (0.5 ms) tddis='1', tddis='0' tddis='1', psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 interfaces data sheet 90 2001-03-12 2.3.8 level detection and power down if mode1.cfs is set to ? 0 ? , the clocks are also provided in power down state. if cfs is set to ? 1 ? only the analog level detector is active in power down state. all clocks, including the iom interface, are stopped (dd, du are ? high ? , whereas dcl is ? low ? and bcl is ? high ? ). if tr_conf0.ldd is set to ? 0 ? an activation initiated from the exchange side will have the consequence that the clock signals are provided automatically. if tr_conf0.ldd is set to ? 1 ? the microcontroller has to take care of an interrupt caused by the level detect circuit (istatr.ld, see chapter 7.2.8 ). from the terminal side an activation must be started by setting and resetting the spu- bit in the iom_cr register and issuing the command tim or by resetting mode1.cfs=0. 2.3.9 transceiver enable/disable the layer-1 part of the scout can be enabled/disabled by configuration with the two bits tr_conf0.dis_tr and tr_conf2.dis_tx (see chapter 7.2.3 ). by default all layer-1 functions with the exception of the transmit buffers is enabled (dis_tr = ? 0 ? , dis_tx = ? 1 ? ). with several terminals connected to the s/t interface, another terminal may keep the interface activated although the scout does not establish a connection. the receiver will monitor for incoming calls in this configuration. if the transceiver is disabled (dis_tr = ? 1 ? ) all layer-1 functions are disabled including the level detection circuit of the receiver. in this case the power consumption of the layer- 1 is reduced to a minimum. all other functional blocks of the scout can still operate via iom-2. the dcl and fsc pins become input. psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 interfaces data sheet 91 2001-03-12 2.3.10 test functions the test and diagnostic functions for the s/t interface provided by the scout are described in the following two chapters. 2.3.10.1 transceiver tests ? the internal local loop (internal loop a) is activated by a c/i0 arl command or by setting the bit lp_a (loop analog) in the tr_cmd register if the layer-1 statemachine is disabled. the transmit data of the transmitter is looped back internally to the receiver. the data of the iom-2 upstream b- and d-channels is looped back to the downstream b- and d-channels. the s/t interface awake detector is enabled, i.e. if a level is detected this will be reported by the resynchronization indication (rsy) but the loop function is not effected. depending on the dis_tx bit in the tr_conf2 register (see chapter 7.2.3 ) the internal local loop can be transparent or non transparent to the s/t line. ? the external local loop (external loop a) is activated in the same way as the internal local loop described above. additionally the exlp bit in the tr_conf0 register (see chapter 7.2.1 ) has to be programmed and the loop has to be closed externally as described in figure 55 . the s/t interface awake detector is disabled. this allows complete systems diagnostics including transformers and external circuits. figure 55 external loop at the s/t-interface scout-s(x) sx1 sx2 sr1 sr2 100 ? 100 ? psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 interfaces data sheet 92 2001-03-12 2.3.10.2 test signals two kinds of test signals may be transmitted by the scout: ? the single pulses are of alternating polarity. one pulse is transmitted in each frame resulting in a frequency of the fundamental mode of 2 khz). the corresponding c/i0 command is tm1 (transmission of single pulses. ? the continuous pulses are of alternating polarity. 48 pulses are transmitted in each frame resulting in a frequency of the fundamental mode of 96 khz. the corresponding c/i0 command is tm2 (transmission of continuous pulses). 2.3.11 transmitter characteristics the full-bauded pseudo-ternary pulse shaping is achieved with the integrated transmitter which is realized as a symmetrical current limited voltage source (v sx1/sx2 = +/-1.05v; i max = 26 ma). the equivalent circuit of the transmitter is shown in figure 56 . the nominal pulse amplitude on the s/t-interface of 750 mv (zero-peak) is adjusted with external resistors ( see chapter 2.3.13.1 ). figure 56 equivalent internal circuit of the transmitter stage trans_stage_s.vsd level ? +0 ? ? -0 ? ? 1 ? ? +0 ? ? -0 ? ? 1 ? vcm+0.525v vcm-0.525v vcm vcm-0.525v vcm+0.525v vcm tr_conf2.dis_tx ? +0 ?? 1 ? ? -0 ? + - v=1 vcm - + v=1 sx2 sx1 psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 interfaces data sheet 93 2001-03-12 2.3.12 receiver characteristics the receiver consists of a differential input stage, a peak detector and a set of comparators. additional noise immunity is achieved by digital oversampling after the comparators. a simplified equivalent circuit of the receiver is shown in figure 57 . figure 57 equivalent internal circuit of the receiver stage the input stage works together with external 10 k ? resistors to match the input voltage to the internal thresholds. the data detection threshold vref is continuously adapted between a maximal (vrefmax) and a minimal (vrefmin) reference level related to the line level. the peak detector requires maximum 2 s to reach the peak value while storing the peak level for at least 250 s (rc > 1 ms). the additional level detector for power up/down control works with a fixed threshold vrefld. the level detector monitors the line input signals to detect whether an info is present. when closing the internal local loop it is therefore possible to indicate an incoming signal during activated loop. in order to additionally reduce the bit error rate in severe conditions, the scout performs oversampling of the received signal and uses majority decision logic. the receive signal is sampled at 7.68mhz clock intervals (xtal). 100 kohm psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 interfaces data sheet 94 2001-03-12 2.3.13 interface circuitry for both, receive and transmit direction a 1:1 transformer is used to connect the scout transceiver to the 4 wire s/t interface. the connections of the line transformers are shown in figure 58 . figure 58 connection of the line transformers and power supply to the scout 2.3.13.1 external protection circuitry the itu-t i.430 specification for both transmitter and receiver impedances in tes results in a conflict with respect to external s-protection circuitry requirements: ? to avoid destruction or malfunction of the s-device it is desirable to drain off even small overvoltages reliably. ? to meet the 96 khz impedance test specified for transmitters and receivers (for tes only, itu-t i.430 sections 8.5.1.2a and 8.6.1.1) the protection circuit must be dimensioned such that voltages below 1.2 v (itu-t i.430 amplitude) x transformer ratio are not affected. this requirement results from the fact that this test is also to be performed with no supply voltage being connected to the te. therefore the second reference point for overvoltages v dd , is tied to gnd. then, if the amplitude of the 96 khz test signal is greater than the combined forward voltages of the diodes, a current exceeding the specified one may pass the protection circuit. the following recommendations aim at achieving the highest possible device protection against overvoltages while still fulfilling the 96 khz impedance tests. psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 interfaces data sheet 95 2001-03-12 2.3.13.1.1 protection circuitry for transmitter figure 59 external circuitry for transmitter figure 59 illustrates the secondary protection circuit recommended for the transmitter. the external resistors (8 ... 10 ? ) are required in order to adjust the output voltage to the pulse mask on the one hand and in order to meet the output impedance of minimum 20 ? (transmission of a binary zero according to itu-t i.430) on the other hand. two mutually reversed diode paths protect the device against positive or negative overvoltages on both lines. an ideal protection circuit should limit the voltage at the sx pins from ? 0.4 v to v dd + 0.4 v. with the circuit in figure 59 the pin voltage range is increased from ? 1.4 v to v dd + 0.7 v. the resulting forward voltage of 2.1 v will prevent the protection circuit to become active if the 96 khz test signal is applied while no supply voltage is present. 2.3.13.1.2 protection circuitry for receiver figure 60 illustrates the external circuitry used in combination with a symmetrical receiver. protection of symmetrical receivers is rather comfortable. diod_sx_s.vsd gnd vdd 1:1 s bus sx2 sx1 10 ? 10 ? psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 interfaces data sheet 96 2001-03-12 figure 60 external circuitry for symmetrical receivers between each receive line and the transformer a 10 k ? resistor is used. this value is split into two resistors: one between transformer and protection diodes for current limiting during the 96 khz test, and the second one between input pin and protection diodes to limit the maximum input current of the chip. with symmetrical receivers no difficulties regarding lcl measurements are observed; compensation networks thus are obsolete. in order to comply to the physical requirements of itu-t recommendation i.430 and considering the national requirements concerning overvoltage protection and electromagnetic compatibility (emc), the scout may need additional circuitry. 1:1 psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 hdlc controller data sheet 97 2001-03-12 3 hdlc controller the hdlc controller handles layer-2 functions of the d- channel protocol (lapd) or b- channel protocols. it can access the d or b-channels or any combination of them e.g. 18 bit idsl data (2b+d) by setting the enable hdlc channel bits (en_d, en_b1h, en_b2h) in the hci_cr register. it performs the framing functions used in hdlc based communication: flag generation/ recognition, bit stuffing, crc check and address recognition. one 64 byte fifo for the receive and one for the transmit direction are available. they are implemented as cyclic buffers. the transceiver reads and writes data sequentially with constant data rate whereas the data transfer between fifo and microcontroller uses a block oriented protocol with variable block sizes. the configuration, control and status bits related to the hdlc controller are all assigned to the address range 20 h -29 h . (see chapter 7.1 ). 3.1 message transfer modes the hdlc controller can be programmed to operate in various modes, which are different in the treatment of the hdlc frame in receive direction. thus the receive data flow and the address recognition features can be programmed in a flexible way to satisfy different system requirements. the structure of a lapd two-byte address is shown below. for the address recognition the hdlc controller contains four programmable registers for individual sapi and tei values (sap1, 2 and tei1, 2), plus two fixed values for the ? group ? sapi (sapg = ? fe ? or ? fc ? ) and tei (teig = ? ff ? ). the received c/r bit is excluded from the address comparison. ea is the address field extension bit which is set to ? 1 ? for lapd protocol. there are 5 different operating modes which can be selected via the mode selection bits mds2-0 in the modeh register: high address byte low address byte sapi1, 2, sapg c/r 0 tei 1, 2, teig ea psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 hdlc controller data sheet 98 2001-03-12 3.1.1 non-auto mode (mds2-0 = ? 01x ? ) characteristics: full address recognition with one-byte (mds = ? 010 ? ) or two-byte (mds = ? 011 ? ) address comparison all frames with valid addresses are accepted and the bytes following the address are transferred to the p via rfifo. 3.1.2 transparent mode 0 (mds2-0 = ? 110 ? ). characteristics: no address recognition every received frame is stored in rfifo (first byte after opening flag to crc field). 3.1.3 transparent mode 1 (mds2-0 = ? 111 ? ). characteristics: sapi recognition a comparison is performed on the first byte after the opening flag with sap1, sap2 and ? group ? sapi (fe h /fc h ). in the case of a match, all following bytes are stored in rfifo. 3.1.4 transparent mode 2 (mds2-0 = ? 101 ? ). characteristics: tei recognition a comparison is performed only on the second byte after the opening flag, with tei1, tei2 and group tei (ff h ). in case of a match the rest of the frame is stored in the rfifo. 3.1.5 extended transparent mode (mds2-0 = ? 100 ? ). characteristics: fully transparent in extended transparent mode fully transparent data transmission/reception without hdlc framing is performed i.e. without flag generation/recognition, crc generation/ check, bitstuffing mechanism. this allows user specific protocol variations. also refer to chapter 3.5 . 3.2 data reception 3.2.1 structure and control of the receive fifo 3.2.1.1 general description the 64-byte cyclic rfifo buffer has variable fifo block sizes (thresholds) of 4, 8, 16 or 32 bytes which can be selected by setting the corresponding rfbs bits in the exmr register. the variable block size allows an optimized hdlc processing concerning frame length, i/o throughput and interrupt load. psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 hdlc controller data sheet 99 2001-03-12 the transfer protocol between hdlc fifo and microcontroller is block orientated with the microcontroller as master. the control of the data transfer between the cpu and the hdlc controller is handled via interrupts (hdlc controller host) and commands (host hdlc controller). there are three different interrupt indications in the istah register concerned with the reception of data: ? rpf ( r eceive p ool f ull) interrupt, indicating that a data block of the selected length (exmr.rfbs) can be read from rfifo. the message which is currently received exceeds the block size so further blocks will be received to complete the message. ? rme ( r eceive m essage e nd) interrupt, indicating that the reception of one message is completed, i.e. either a short message is received (message length the defined block size (exmr.rfbs) or the last part of a long message is received (message length > the defined block size (exmr.rfbs)) and is stored in the rfifo. ? rfo ( r eceive f rame o verflow) interrupt, indicating that a complete frame could not be stored in rfifo and is therefore lost as the rfifo is occupied. this occurs if the host fails to respond quickly enough to rpf/rme interrupts since previous data was not read by the host. there are two control commands (bits of cmdr) that are used with the reception of data: ? rmc ( r eceive m essage c omplete) command, telling the hdlc controller that a data block has been read from the rfifo and the corresponding fifo space can be released for new receive data. ? rres ( r eceiver r eset) command, resetting the hdlc receiver and clearing the receive fifo of any data (e.g. used before start of reception). it has to be used after having changed the mode. psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 hdlc controller data sheet 100 2001-03-12 the following description of the receive fifio operation is illustrated in figure 61 for a rfifo block size (threshold) of 16 and 32 bytes. the rfifo requests service from the microcontroller by setting a bit in the istah register, which causes an interrupt (rpf, rme, rfo). the microcontroller then reads status information (rbch,rbcl), data from the rfifo and changes the rfifo block size (exmr.rfbs). a block transfer is completed by the microcontroller via a receive message complete (cmdr.rmc) command. this causes the space of the transferred bytes being released for new data and in case the frame was complete (rme) the reset of the receive byte counter rbc (rbch,rbcl). the total length of the frame is contained in the rbch and rbcl registers (rbc11...0). if a frame is longer than 4095 bytes, the rbch.ov (overflow) bit will be set. the least significant bits of rbcl contain the number of valid bytes in the last data block indicated by rme (length of last data block selected block size). table 10 shows which rbc bits contain the number of bytes in the last data block or number of complete data blocks respectively. if the number of bytes in the last data block is ? 0 ? the length of the last received block is equal to the block size. the transfer block size (exmr.rfbs) is 32 bytes by default. if it is necessary to react to an incoming frame within the first few bytes the microcontroller can set the rfifo block size to a smaller value. each time a cmdr.rmc or cmdr.rres command is issued, the rfifo access controller sets its block size to the value specified in exmr.rfbs, so the microcontroller has to write the new value for rfbs before the rmc command. when setting an initial value for rfbs before the first hdlc activities, a rres command must be issued afterwards. the rfifo can hold any number of frames fitting in the 64 bytes. at the end of a frame, the rsta byte is always appended. all generated interrupts are inserted together with all additional information into a wait line to be individually passed to the host. for example if several data blocks have been received to be read by the host and the host acknowledges the current block, a new rpf or rme interrupt from the wait line is immediately generated to indicate new data. table 10 receive byte count with rbc11...0 in the rbch and rbcl registers exmr.rfbs bits selected block size number of complete data blocks in bytes in the last data block in ? 00 ? 32 byte rbc11...5 rbc4...0 ? 01 ? 16 byte rbc11...4 rbc3...0 ? 10 ? 8 byte rbc11...3 rbc2...0 ? 11 ? 4 byte rbc11...2 rbc1...0 psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 hdlc controller data sheet 101 2001-03-12 figure 61 rfifo operation hdlc receiver 32 16 8 4 rpf rfifo p rbc=4h ram hdlc receiver rfifo access controller 32 16 8 4 rfbs=01 ram exmr.rfbs=01 rmc exmr.rfbs=11 so after the first 4 bytes of a new frame have been stored in the fifo an receive pool full interrupt istah.rpf the p has read the 4 bytes, sets rfbs=01 (16 bytes) and completes the block transfer by an cmdr.rmc command. following cmdr.rmc the 4 bytes of the last block are deleted. rfacc rfacc is set. rfifo access controller rfbs=11 hdlc receiver 32 16 8 rpf rfifo p rbc=14h ram rsta rsta rsta the hdlc receiver has written further data into the fifo. when a frame is complete, a status byte (rsta) is appended. fifo. when the rfacc detects 16 valid bytes, it sets an rpf interrupt. the p reads the 16 bytes hdlc receiver 32 16 8 rme rfifo rbc=16h ram rsta rsta rsta after the rmc acknowledgement the the frame, therefore it asserts an rme interupt and increments the rbc counter by 2. rmc rfacc rfacc meanwhile two more short frames have been received. and acknowledges the transfer by setting cmdr.rmc. this causes the space occupied by the 16 bytes being released. p rfifo access controller rfbs=01 rfifo access controller rfbs=01 rfacc detects an rsta byte, i.e. end of psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 hdlc controller data sheet 102 2001-03-12 3.2.1.2 possible error conditions during reception of frames if parts of a frame get lost because the receive fifo is full, the receive data overflow (rdo) byte in the rsta byte will be set. if a complete frame is lost, i.e. if the fifo is full when a new frame is received, the receiver will assert a receive frame overflow (rfo) interrupt. the microcontroller sees a cyclic buffer, i.e. if it tries to read more data than available, it reads the same data again and again. on the other hand, if it doesn ? t read or doesn ? t want to read all data, they are deleted anyway after the rmc command. if the microcontroller reads data without a prior rme or rpf interrupt, the read data is undefined but the content of the rfifo would not be corrupted. psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 hdlc controller data sheet 103 2001-03-12 3.2.1.3 data reception procedure the general procedures for a data reception sequence are outlined in the flow diagram in figure 62 . figure 62 data reception procedures hdlc_rflow.vsd start receive message end rme ? receive pool full rpf ? read counter rd_count := rfbs or rd_count := rbc read rd_count bytes from rfifo receive message complete write rmc change block size write exmr.rfbs (optional) read rbc rd_count := rbc y y n n * 1) rbc = rbch + rbcl register rfbs: refer to exmr register in case of rme the last byte in rfifo contains the receive status information rsta * 1) psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 hdlc controller data sheet 104 2001-03-12 figure 63 gives an example of an interrupt controlled reception sequence, supposed that a long frame (68 byte) followed by two short frames (12 byte each) is received. the fifo threshold (block size) is set to 32 byte (exmr.rfbs = ? 00 ? ) in this example: after 32 bytes of frame 1 have been received an rpf interrupt is generated to indicate that a data block can be read from the rfifo. the host reads the first data block from rfifo and acknowledges the reception by rmc. meanwhile the second data block is received and stored in rfifo. the second 32 byte block is indicated by rpf which is read and acknowledged by the host as described before. the reception of the remaining 4 bytes plus rsta are indicated by rme. the host gets the number of received bytes (count = 5) from rbcl/rbch and reads out the rfifo. the frame is acknowledged by rmc. the second frame is received and indicated by rme interrupt. the host gets the number of bytes (count = 13) from rbcl/rbch and reads out the rfifo. the rfifo is acknowledged by rmc. the third frame is transferred in the same way. figure 63 reception sequence, example fifoseq_rec.vsd * 1) the last byte contains the receive status information psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 hdlc controller data sheet 105 2001-03-12 3.2.2 receive frame structure the management of the received hdlc frames as affected by the different operating modes (see chapter 3.1 ) is shown in figure 64 . figure 64 receive data flow flag fifoflow_rec.vsd 0'6 0'6 0'6 02'( ctrl crc flag i $''5(66 &21752/ '$7$ 67$786 addr 1rq $xwr 7(, 7(, 5),)2 567$ 7udqvsduhqw 5),)2 567$ 1rq $xwr 6$3 6$3* 6$3 7(, 7(,* 7(, 5),)2 567$ 7udqvsduhqw 6$3 6$3* 6$3 5),)2 567$ 7udqvsduhqw 5),)2 567$ 7(, 7(,* 7(, 'hvfulswlrqri6\perov &rpsduhgzlwk5hjlvwhuv 6wruhglq),)25hjlvwhuv &5&rswlrqdoo\vwruhglq5),)2li(;055&5& $gguhvvrswlrqdoo\vwruhglq5),)2li(;0565$ 6wduwriwkh&rqwuro)lhoglq&dvhrid%lw$gguhvv psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 hdlc controller data sheet 106 2001-03-12 the hdlc controller indicates to the host that a new data block can be read from the rfifo by means of an rpf interrupt (see previous chapter). user data is stored in the rfifo and information about the received frame is available in the rsta, rbcl and rbch registers which are listed in table 11 . table 11 receive information at rme interrupt information location bit mode type of frame (command/ response) rfifo (last byte) c/r non-auto mode, 2-byte address field transparent mode 1 recognition of sapi rfifo (last byte) sa1, 0 non-auto mode, 2-byte address field transparent mode 1 recognition of tei rfifo (last byte) ta all except transparent mode 0 result of crc check (correct/incorrect) rfifo (last byte) crc all valid frame rfifo (last byte) vfr all abort condition detected (yes/no) rfifo (last byte) rab all data overflow during reception of a frame (yes/no) rfifo (last byte) rdo all number of bytes received in rfifo rbcl reg. rbc4-0 all message length rbcl reg. rbch reg. rbc11-0 all rfifo overflow rbch reg. ov all psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 hdlc controller data sheet 107 2001-03-12 3.3 data transmission 3.3.1 structure and control of the transmit fifo 3.3.1.1 general description the 64-byte cyclic xfifo buffer has variable fifo block sizes (thresholds) of 16 or 32 bytes, selectable by the xfbs bit in the exmr register. there are three different interrupt indications in the istah register concerned with the transmission of data: ? xpr ( t ransmit p ool r eady) interrupt, indicating that a data block of up to 16 or 32 byte (block size selected via exmr:xfbs) can be written to the xfifo. an xpr interrupt is generated either after an xres (transmitter reset) command (which is issued for example for frame abort) or when a data block from the xfifo is transmitted and the corresponding fifo space is released to accept further data from the host. ? xdu ( t ransmit d ata u nderrun) interrupt, indicating that the transmission of the current frame has been aborted (seven consecutive ? 1 ? s are transmitted) as the xfifo holds no further transmit data. this occurs if the host fails to respond to an xpr interrupt quickly enough. ? xmr ( t ransmit m essage r epeat) interrupt, indicating that the transmission of the complete last frame has to be repeated as a collision on the s bus has been detected and the xfifo does not hold the first data bytes of the frame (collision after the 16th or 32nd byte of the frame, respectively). note: for proper operation the xmr bit must not be masked three different control commands are used for transmission of data: ? xtf ( t ransmit t ransparent f rame) command, telling the hdlc controller that up to 16 or 32 byte (according to selected block size) have been written to the xfifo and should be transmitted. a start flag is generated automatically. ? xme ( t ransmit m essage e nd) command, telling the hdlc controller that the last data block written to the xfifo completes the corresponding frame and should be transmitted. this implies that according to the selected mode a frame end (crc + closing flag) is generated and appended to the frame. ? xres ( t ransmitter r eset) command, resetting the hdlc transmitter and clearing the transmit fifo of any data. optionally two additional status conditions can be read by the host: ? xdov ( t ransmit d ata o verflow), indicating that the data block size has been exceeded, i.e. more than 16 or 32 byte were entered and data was overwritten. psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 hdlc controller data sheet 108 2001-03-12 ? xfw ( t ransmit f ifo w rite enable), indicating that data can be written to the xfifo. this status flag may be polled instead of or in addition to xpr. the xfifo requests service from the microcontroller by setting a bit in the istah register, which causes an interrupt (xpr, xdu, xmr). the microcontroller can then read the status register star (xfw, xdov), write data in the fifo and it can change the transmit fifo block size (exmr.xfbs) if required. the instant of the initiation of a transmit pool ready (xpr) interrupt after different transmit control commands is listed in table 12 . when setting xme the transmitter appends the fcs and the end flag at the end of the frame. when xtf & xme has been set, the xfifo is locked until successful transmission of the current frame, so a consecutive xpr interrupt also indicates successful transmission of the frame whereas after xme or xtf the xpr interrupt is asserted as soon as there is space for one data block in the xfifo. the transfer block size is 32 bytes by default, but sometimes, if the microcontroller has a high computational load, it is useful to increase the maximum reaction time for an xpr interrupt. the maximum reaction time is: t max = (xfifo size - xfbs) / data transmission rate a selected block size of 16 bytes means that an xpr interrupt is indicated when there are still 48 bytes (64 bytes - 16 bytes) to be transmitted. with a 32 bytes block size the xpr is initiated when there are still 32 bytes (64 bytes - 32 bytes), i.e. the maximum reaction time for the smaller block size is 50 % higher with the trade off of a doubled interrupt load. a selected block size of 32 or 16 bytes respectively always indicates the available space in the xfifo. so any number of bytes smaller than the selected xfbs may be stored in the fifo during one ? write block ? access cycle. similar to rfbs for the receive fifo, a new setting of xfbs takes effect after the next xtf,xme or xres command. xres resets the xfifo. the xfifo can hold any number of frames fitting in the 64 bytes. table 12 xpr interrupt (availability of the xfifo) after xtf, xme commands cmdr. transmit pool ready (xpr) interrupt initiated... xtf as soon as the selected buffer size in the fifo is available xtf & xme after the successful transmission of the closing flag. the transmitter sends always an abort sequence xme as soon as the selected buffer size in the fifo is available, two consecutive frames share flags psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 hdlc controller data sheet 109 2001-03-12 3.3.1.2 possible error conditions during transmission of frames if the transmitter sees an empty fifo, i.e. if the microcontroller does not react quickly enough to an xpr interrupt, an xdu (transmit data underrun) interrupt will be raised. if the hdlc channel becomes unavailable during transmission the transmitter tries to repeat the current frame as specified in the lapd protocol. this is impossible after the first data block has been sent (16 or 32 bytes), in this case an xmr transmit message repeat interrupt is set and the microcontroller has to send the whole frame again. both xmr and xdu interrupts cause a reset of the xfifo. the xfifo is locked while an xmr or xdu interrupt is pending, i.e. all write actions of the microcontroller will be ignored as long as the microcontroller has not read the istah register with the set xdu, xmr interrupts. if the microcontroller writes more data than allowed (16 or 32 bytes) , then the data in the xfifo will be corrupted and the star.xdov bit is set. if this happens, the microcontroller has to abort the transmission by cmdr.xres and to restart. psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 hdlc controller data sheet 110 2001-03-12 3.3.1.3 data transmission procedure the general procedures for a data transmission sequence are outlined in the flow diagram in figure 65 . figure 65 data transmission procedure hdlc_tflow.vsd start transmit pool ready xpr ? command xtf+xme write data (up to 32 bytes) to xfifo n y y n end of message ? end command xtf psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 hdlc controller data sheet 111 2001-03-12 the following description gives an example for the transmission of a 76 byte frame with a selected block size of 32 byte (exmr:xfbs=0): the host writes 32 bytes to the xfifo, issues an xtf command and waits for an xpr interrupt in order to continue with entering data. the hdlc controller immediately issues an xpr interrupt (as remaining xfifo space is not used) and starts transmission. due to the xpr interrupt the host writes the next 32 bytes to the xfifo, followed by the xtf command, and waits for xpr. as soon as the last byte of the first block is transmitted, the hdlc controller issues an xpr interrupt (xfifo space of first data block is free again) and continues transmitting the second block. the host writes the remaining 12 bytes of the frame to the xfifo and issues the xtf command together with xme to indicate that this is the end of frame. after the last byte of the frame has been transmitted the hdlc controller releases an xpr interrupt and the host may proceed with transmission of a new frame. figure 66 transmission sequence, example transmit frame 76 bytes fifoseq_tran.vsd iom interface cpu interface wr 32 bytes xtf 32 12 32 xpr xpr wr 32 bytes xtf wr 12 bytes xtf+xme xpr psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 hdlc controller data sheet 112 2001-03-12 3.3.2 transmit frame structure the transmission of transparent frames (xtf command) is shown in figure 67 . for transparent frames, the whole frame including address and control field must be written to the xfifo. the host configures whether the crc is generated and appended to the frame (default) or not (selected in exmr.xcrc). furthermore, the host selects the interframe time fill signal which is transmitted between hdlc frames (exmr:itf). one option is to send continuous flags ( ? 01111110 ? ), however if d-channel access handling is required, the signal must be set to idle (continuous ? 1 ? s are transmitted). figure 67 transmit data flow 3.4 access to iom channels by setting the enable hdlc data bits (en_d, en_b1h, en_b2h) in the hci_cr register the hdlc controller can access the d, b1, b2 channels or the combination of them (e.g. 18 bit idsl data (2b+d)). in all modes sending works always frame aligned, i.e. it starts with the first selected channel whereas reception looks for a flag anywhere in the serial data stream. flag fifoflow_tran.vsd 7udqvplw7udqvsduhqw)udph ;7) ctrl crc flag i $''5(66 &21752/ '$7$ &+(&.5$0 addr ;),)2 7kh&5&lvjhqhudwhge\ghidxow ,i(;05;&5&lvvhwqr&5&lvdsshqghg psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 hdlc controller data sheet 113 2001-03-12 3.5 extended transparent mode this non-hdlc mode is selected by setting mode2...0 to ? 100 ? . in extended transparent mode fully transparent data transmission/reception without hdlc framing is performed i.e. without flag generation/recognition, crc generation/check, bitstuffing mechanism. this allows user specific protocol variations. 3.5.1 transmitter the transmitter sends the data out of the fifo without manipulation. transmission is always iom-frame aligned and byte aligned, i.e. transmission starts in the first selected channel (b1, b2, d, according to the setting of register hci_cr in the iom handler) of the next iom frame. the fifo indications and commands are the same as in other modes. if the microcontroller sets xtf & xme the transmitter responds with an xpr interrupt after sending the last byte, then it returns to its idle state (sending continuous ? 1 ? ). if the collision detection is enabled (mode.dim = ? 0x1 ? ) the stop go bit (s/g) can be used as clear to send indication as in any other mode. if the s/g bit is set to ? 1 ? (stop) during transmission the transmitter responds always with an xmr (transmit message repeat) interrupt. if the microcontroller fails to respond to a xpr interrupt in time and the transmitter runs out of data then it will assert an xdu (transmit data underrun) interrupt. 3.5.2 receiver the reception is iom-frame aligned and byte aligned, like transmission, i.e. reception starts in the first selected channel (b1, b2, d, according to the setting of register hci_cr in the iom handler) of the next iom frame. the fifo indications and commands are the same as in others modes. all incoming data bytes are stored in the rfifo and additionally made available in rsta. psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 hdlc controller data sheet 114 2001-03-12 3.6 hdlc controller interrupts the cause of an interrupt related to the hdlc controller is indicated by the hdlc bit in the ista register. this bit points at the different interrupt sources of the hdlc controller part in the istah register. the individual interrupt sources of the hdlc controller during reception and transmission of data are explained in chapter 3.2.1 or 3.3.1 respectively. figure 68 interrupt status registers of the hdlc controller each interrupt source in istah register can be selectively masked by setting to ? 1 ? the corresponding bit in maskh. rme rpf rfo xpr xmr xdu cic st mos tran rme rpf rfo xpr xmr xdu maskh istah hdlc tin wov int ista mask cic st mos tran hdlc tin wov psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 hdlc controller data sheet 115 2001-03-12 3.7 test functions the following test and diagnostic functions for the d-channel are available: ? digital loop via tlp (test loop, tmh register) command bit ( figure 69 ): the tx path of layer 2 is internally connected with the rx path of layer 2. the output from layer 1 on dd is ignored. this is used for testing layer 2 functionality excluding layer 1 (loop back between xfifo and rfifo). ? test of layer-2 functions while disabling all layer-1 functions and pins associated with them (including clocking) via bit tr_conf0.dis_tr. the hdlc controller and codec part can still operate via iom-2. dcl and fsc pins become input. figure 69 layer 2 test loops psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 codec data sheet 116 2001-03-12 4codec the codec bridges the gap between the audio world of microphones, earphones, loudspeakers and the pcm digital world by providing a full pcm codec with all the necessary transmit and receive filters. because the requirements for the codec correspond to the arcofi-sp psb 2163 or arcofi ? -ba psb 2161 respectively the architecture, functionality and transmission characteristics are similar to those devices. a block diagram of the codec is shown in figure 70 . the codec can be subdivided into three main blocks: analog front end (afe) digital signal processor (dsp) codec digital interface (cdi) a detailed description can be found in the following chapters. figure 70 architecture of the codec als min1 mip1 axi v ref bgref dec data source selection, voice data manipulation (coding, masking, conferencing) frequency correction filter tone generator digital gain adjustment speakerphone function sidetone int vref ain- mux ami a/d dec d/a int aho min2 mip2 lsn lsp hon hop codec_arch.vsd codec voice data ch1x ch1r ch2r ch2x control/ config. data c020x c021x c010x c011x c010r c011r c020r c021r iom-2 handler c interface or monitor handler cdi dsp afe psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 codec data sheet 117 2001-03-12 the controlling and programming of the various operation modes, configurations and coefficients can be done via the microcontroller interface or the iom-2 monitor channel and is described in the corresponding interface section. an overview on these programmable parameters can be found in chapter 4.8 . 4.1 analog front end (afe) description the analog front end section of the codec is the interface between the analog transducers and the digital signal processor. in the transmit direction the afe function is to amplify the transducer input signals (microphones) and to convert them into digital signals. in the afe receive section the incoming digital signal is converted to an analog signal which is output to an earpiece and/or a loudspeaker. the three afe configuration registers (acr, atcr, arcr) provide a high flexibility to accommodate an extensive set of user procedures and terminal attributes. figure 71 shows the block diagram of the analog front end: . figure 71 block diagram of afe dref psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 codec data sheet 118 2001-03-12 two differential inputs (mip1/min1 and mip2/min2) and one single-ended input (axi) can be connected to the amplifier ami via an analog input multiplexer (atcr.aimx). the programmable amplifier ami (atcr.mic) provides a coarse gain adjustment range from 0...42db in 6db steps. the maximum value of the programmable gain adjustment of the microphone amplifier with specified transmission characteristics is 36db for the differential input. the maximum gain value with specified transmission characteristics of the single ended input axi is 24db. fine gain adjustment is performed in the digital domain via the programmable gain adjustment stage gx (see signal processor section). this allows a perfect level adaptation to various types of microphone transducers without loss in the signal to noise performance. the fully differential output hop/hon connects the amplifier aho to a handset earpiece. differential output lsp/lsn is provided for use with a 50 ? (5v supply voltage) or 25 ? (3.3v supply voltage) respectively loudspeaker. the programmable amplifiers aho and als (arcr.hoc, arcr.lsc) provide a coarse gain adjustment range from 11.5db...- 21.5db (als) or 2.5db...-21.5db (aho) respectively. the step size is for both amplifiers 3db. fine gain adjustment is performed in the digital domain via the programmable adjustment stage gr. each output of the differential amplifiers aho and als can be powered down separately (acr.dhop, dhon, dlsp, dlsn). by setting acr.sem, a powered down loudspeaker output can be grounded internally for a single ended operation. the bandgap reference voltage is low-pass filtered via a capacity connected to pin bgref. the internal and external reference voltages are derived from this filtered bandgap reference voltage providing a good noise performance. a square wave signal from the tone generator can be output directly to the loudspeaker amplifier (tgsr.trl) via a level shifter. note: the single-ended input (axi) is internally connected to vref. to avoid an unsymmetric input signal to the internal amplifer module, external resitors must not be connected between axi and gnd or axi and vref. 4.1.1 afe attenuation plan figure 72 shows the attenuation plan of the afe for the transmit and receive direction. the levels are given for the digital reference level (0dbm0) and the max. pcm level in a-law coding (3.14dbm0) at the two supply voltages 3.3v and 5v. the stated microphone amplifier gain is the maximum gain for guaranteed transmission characteristics. in the receive path the stated loudspeaker or handset output amplification is the maximum selectable gain at the maximum digital pcm level (3.14dbm0) for guaranteed transmission characteristics. psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 codec data sheet 119 2001-03-12 . figure 72 afe attenuation plan psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 codec data sheet 120 2001-03-12 4.2 signal processor (dsp) description the signal processor (dsp) has been conceived to perform all itu-t and etsi (net33) recommended filtering in transmit and receive paths and is therefore fully compatible to the itu-t g.712 and etsi (net33) specifications. the data processed by the dsp is provided in the transmit direction by an oversampling a/d-converter situated in the analog front end (afe). once processed, the speech signal is converted into an 8-bit a- law or -law pcm format or remains as a 16-bit linear word (2s complement) if the compression stage is bypassed. in the receive direction, the incoming pcm data is expanded into a linear format (if the linear mode is selected, the expansion logic is bypassed) and subsequently processed until it is passed to the oversampling d/a- converter. additionally to these standard codec functions an universal tone generation unit and a high quality speakerphone function (only scout-sx) is provided. figure 73 shows the processor signal flow graph which illustrates the following description of the signal processing in receive and transmit direction, the tone generation and speakerphone function. psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 codec data sheet 121 2001-03-12 figure 73 processor signal flow graph d e c i n t l p l p t o n e g e n e r a t o r g x g r d t m f - h p x 0 . . . - 6 d b 6 . . . 0 d b d t m f t r a p e z o i d u s e r p r o g r a m m a b l e s q u a r e t r a n s m i t r e c e i v e s i n e f x a g c x g h x a g c r g h r s p e a k e r p h o n e s u p p o r t g z 0 . . . - d b h p r l p f r d l s 1 t r r 1 d t m f 1 d h p x d h p x 1 1 d h p r d h p r 1 1 a f e t o a l s a m p l . s q u a r e d t m f 1 d t m f t r x 1 s d s c , s d s c s c v o i c e d a t a m a n i p u l a t i o n x d a t r d a t i d l e c h 1 0 x c h 1 1 x c h 2 0 x c h 2 1 x c h 2 0 r c h 2 1 r c h 1 0 r c h 1 1 r codec voice data c h 1 x c h 2 x c h 2 r c h 1 r i d l e a - l a w - l a w 8 - b i t l i n m a s k 2 1 6 - b i t l i n a - l a w - l a w 8 - b i t l i n m a s k 2 1 6 - b i t l i n a - l a w - l a w 8 - b i t l i n m a s k 1 1 6 - b i t l i n a t t 1 r a t t 2 r i d l e a - l a w - l a w 8 - b i t l i n m a s k 1 1 6 - b i t l i n 1 e n x 1 1 e n x 2 1 1 dlp1 dlp2 f x g x e r a g r f r a g c r p g c r d s s 1 x d s s 2 x m a s k x m p x a g c x g z c m e s p s p s t d s s r s c < t g c r > < t g s r > m a a r 1 0 d f x r d f x x to i o m - h a n d le r p g z s p e a k e r p h o n e s u p p o r t s c o u t - s x o n l y psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 codec data sheet 122 2001-03-12 4.2.1 transmit signal processing in the transmit direction a series of decimation filters reduces the sampling rate down to the 8-khz pcm-rate. these filters attenuate the out-of-band noise by limiting the transmit signal to the voice band. the decimation stages end with a low-pass filter (lp). if the tone generation unit is connected to the transmit direction (tgsr.dtmf = ? 1 ? ), a special 2-khz dtmf low-pass filter is placed in the transmit path. this filter guarantees an attenuation of all unwanted frequency components, if dtmf signals are transmitted. additionally, it is possible to add a programmable tone signal to the transmit voice signal (tgsr.trx = ? 1 ? ). the gx-gain adjustment stage is digitally programmable allowing the gain to be programmed from + 6 to 0 db in steps of 0.25 db (values from ? db to 12 db are programmable but the transmission characteristics are only guaranteed in a specific range, see table 13 and 14 ). two bytes are necessary to set gx to the desired value. after reset, the gx-gain stage is bypassed. the transmit path contains a programmable high performance frequency response correction filter fx allowing an optimum adaptation to different types of microphones (dynamic, piezoelectric or electret). twelve bytes are necessary to set fx to the desired frequency correction function. after reset, the fx-frequency correction filter is bypassed. figure 74 shows the architecture of the fx/fr-filter. a high-pass filter (hpx) is also provided to remove unwanted dc components. in the voice data manipulation block a data format selection (a-law, -law, 8-bit linear, 16 bit linear), the masking of the 8-bit data and the data source selection for the two data channels at the interface to the iom handler is realized. 4.2.2 receive signal processing the incoming data from the iom handler is similar to transmit direction processed by the vdm block. a programmable sidetone gain stage gz adds a sidetone signal to the incoming voice signal. the sidetone gain can be programmed from ? 54 to 0 db within a 1 db tolerance range (values from ? db to 12 db are programmable but the transmission characteristics are only guaranteed in a specific range, see table 13 and 14 ). respectively two bytes are coded in the cram to set gz to the desired value. after reset, the gz-gain stage is disabled ( ? db). a high-pass filter (hpr) is also provided to remove disturbances from 0 to 50/60 hz due to the telecommunication network. the frequency response correction filter (fr) is similar to the fx-filter allowing an optimum adaptation to different types of loudspeakers or earpieces. twelve bytes are necessary to set fr to the desired frequency correction function. after reset, the fr-frequency correction filter is bypassed. psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 codec data sheet 123 2001-03-12 the gr-gain adjustment stage is digitally programmable from ? 6 to 0 db in steps 0.25 db ( ? db and others are also possible). respectively two bytes are coded in the cram to set gr to the desired value. after reset, the gr-gain stage is bypassed. a low-pass filter limits the signal bandwidth in the receive direction according to itu-t and etsi (net33) recommendations. a series of low-pass interpolation filters increases the sampling frequency up to the desired value. the last interpolator feeds the d/a-converter. figure 74 architecture of the fx- and fr-correction filter equalizer 1 equalizer 2 high- / low- pass itd02288 psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 codec data sheet 124 2001-03-12 4.2.3 programmable coefficients for transmit and receive this section gives a short overview of important programmable coefficients. for more detailed information a coefficient software package is available (scout master sipo 21383). table 13 description of the programmable level adjustment parameters parameter # of cram bytes range comment gx 2 12 to db 6 to 0 db transmit gain adjustment transmission characteristics guaranteed gr 2 12 to db 0 to -6 db receive gain adjustment transmission characteristics guaranteed gz 2 12 to db sidetone gain adjustment table 14 subset of coefficients for gx, gr and gz: gain [db] msb lsb gain [db] msb lsb gain [db] msb lsb 12.0 10 h 01 h 0a0 h 01 h -12.0 a9 h 01 h 11.0 10 h 31 h -0.5 b3 h 42 h -13.0 9c h 51 h 10.0 10 h 13 h -1.0 a3 h 2b h -14.0 99 h 13 h 9.0 01 h 4b h -1.5 a2 h 32 h -15.0 8c h 1b h 8.0 20 h 94 h -2.0 bb h 4a h -16.0 82 h 7b h 7.0 30 h 94 h -2.5 bb h 13 h -17.0 84 h 4b h 6.0 13 h 51 h -3.0 ba h 29 h -18.0 89 h 6a h 5.5 b0 h 39 h -3.5 ba h 5b h -19.0 8b h 0c h 5.0 a0 h 49 h -4.0 a2 h 01 h -20.0 84 h 1c h 4.5 23 h 01 h -4.5 aa h 1b h -21.0 8c h 1c h 4.0 22 h b4 h -5.0 9b h 3a h -22.0 82 h 7c h 3.5 23 h 12 h -5.5 aa h 33 h -23.0 84 h 4c h 3.0 32 h a4 h -6.0 aa h 22 h -24.0 89 h 6b h 2.5 b1 h bc h -7.0 b9 h 2c h -25.0 8b h 0d h 2.0 b1 h 03 h -8.0 9a h bc h -26.0 84 h 1d h 1.5 33 h 39 h -9.0 9b h 13 h 88 h 01 h 1.0 b2 h 5a h -10.0 9b h 32 h 0.5 b3 h 49 h -11.0 93 h 02 h ? ? ? ? psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 codec data sheet 125 2001-03-12 4.3 tone generation the asp contains a universal tone generator which can be used for tone alerting, call progress tones, dtmf-signals or other audible feedback tones. all the tone generation configurations are programmable in the registers tgcr (tone generator configuration register) and tgsr (tone generator switch register) and the cram parameters. the tone generation unit consists of following main blocks: four signal generators sequence generator control generator tone filter tone level adjustment figure chapter 75 shows the signal flow graph of the tone generation unit and illustrates the following functional description. 4.3.1 four signal generators the four signal generators can be programmed by cram parameters in frequency (fn,fd) and gain (gn,gdn). for the signal generators f1,f2,f3 a trapezoid or square waveform can be selected by setting the tgcr.sqtr bit. the signal generator fd has a trapezoid waveform. the signal generators in conjunction with the tone sequence generator and the control generator allow to generate different multitone patterns without reprogramming the necessary parameters. 4.3.2 sequence generator the sequence generator can be enabled or disabled by setting the tgcr.seq (sequence generator) bit. if the sequence generator is enabled depending on the tgcr.tm (tone mode) bit two or three tone sequences of the signals (f1, g1), (f2,g2) and (f3,g3) are generated. the cram parameters t1, t2, t3 determine the duration of these individual signals. if the sequence generator is disabled a continuos tone is generated. the selected signal generator depends on the tgcr.tm (tone mode) bit. by setting the tgsr.dt (dual tone mode) bit the output of the signal generator fd (fd, gdn) can be added to the tone signal which is determined by the seq and tm bit. note: the dual tone mode and the three tone sequence can only be used if the dtmf mode is disabled (tgsr.dtmf = ? 0 ? ) table 15 shows the programmable cram parameters of the tone and sequence generator. in table 16 possible tone signals are listed which can be realized with the control bits seq, tm and dt. psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 codec data sheet 126 2001-03-12 figure 75 signal flow graph of the tone generation unit e q u a l i z e r e t f e t f 1 1 t o n e s e q u e n c e g e n e r a t o r s a t u r a t i o n c o n t r o l t o n e g e n e r a t o r t o n e f i l t e r ( a 1 , a 2 , k , g e ) t 1 , t 2 , t 3 t o a l s a m p l . v i a t r l s w i t c h s i g n a l g e n e r a t o r f d , t r a p e z o i d g d 1 g d 2 g d 3 s q t r s m p t g t x g t r t o t r r s w i t c h t o t r x s w i t c h e t t 1 t 2 t 3 d t m f s i g n a l g e n e r a t o r f 2 , g 2 s q u a r e / t r a p e z o i d s i g n a l g e n e r a t o r f 3 , g 3 s q u a r e / t r a p e z o i d s i g n a l g e n e r a t o r f 1 , g 1 s q u a r e / t r a p e z o i d s e q t m t o n , t o f f t o n e d t t r a n s m i t d t m f 1 t o n g e n . v s d 1 1 t o n e g e n e r a t o r t o n e l e v e l a d j u s t . r e s e t d t m f 1 psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 codec data sheet 127 2001-03-12 n is either 1, 2 or 3 note: 0-db gain setting of g1, g2 or g3 and gd1, gd2 or gd3 corresponds to the maximum pcm-level (a-law: + 3.14 dbm0) table 16 tone generation table 15 cram parameters of the signal and sequence generator parameter # of cram bytes range comment fn 2/2/2 50 hz to 4 khz trapezoid shaped tone 16 khz/m; (m 3) square-wave signal gn 1/1/1 0 db to ? 48 db gain adjustment for square/trapezoid generator tn 2/2/2 10 ms to 8 s period of time for two- or three- tone sequences fd 2 50 hz to 4 khz trapezoid shaped tone gdn 1/1/1 0 db to ? 48 db gain adjustment for trapezoid generator seq tm dt generated tone 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 continuous signal [f1, g1] continuous signal [f1, g1] + [fd, gd1] continuous signal [f2, g2] continuous signal [f2, g2] + [fd, gd2] tone sequence [f1, g1, t1] / [f2, g2, t2] tone sequence [(f1, g1) + (fd, gd1), t1)] / [(f2, g2) + (fd, gd2), t2)] tone sequence (f1, g1, t1) / (f2, g2, t2) / (f3, g3, t3) tone sequence [(f1, g1) + (fd, gd1), t1] / [(f2, g2) + (fd, gd2), t2] / [(f3, g3) + (fd, gd3), t3] psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 codec data sheet 128 2001-03-12 4.3.3 control generator controlling of the generated tone follows the setting of the control bits et (enable tone) and pt (pulsed tone) and the cram parameters ton and toff corresponding table 17 and table 18 . table 17 control generator table 18 cram parameters of the control generator four typical examples for the control generator programming are shown in figure 76 . in the automatic stop mode (tgcr.sm = ? 1 ? ) the selected tone sequence is only stopped after a sequence is completed. this avoids unpleasant sounds when stopping the tone generator. the tone signal can be fed directly to the input of the loudspeaker amplifier by setting the tgsr.trl bit to ? 1 ? . in this mode only a square wave (fixed amplitude of vdd) is available from the signal generators (f1, f2, f3)and the tgcr.sqtr bit has no effect. et pt generator output 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 no tone the tone is pulsed with the programmable parameters ton, toff continuous tone generation without breaks the tone is pulsed with the programmable parameters ton, toff parameter # of cram bytes range comment ton toff 2 2 20 ms to 16 min 20 ms to 16 min period while the tone generator is turned on period while the tone generator is turned off psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 codec data sheet 129 2001-03-12 figure 76 typical control generator applications psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 codec data sheet 130 2001-03-12 4.3.4 tone filter a programmable tone filter can be switched in the tone signal path by setting the etf (enable tone filter) bit. the tone filter contains a programmable equalizer and a saturation amplifier (see figure chapter 75 ). a generated square-wave or trapezoid signal can be converted by the equalizer into a sine-wave signal. the equalizer is realized as a band-pass filter. the filter parameters (center frequency, bandwidth and attenuation of the stop-band) are programmable by the cram parameters listed in table chapter 19 table 19 cram parameters of the tone filter a maximum attenuation of the first harmonic frequency of 50 db is possible. figure chapter 77 shall illustrate the equalizer parameters. parameter # of cram bytes range comment a1 a2 k ge 1 1 1 1 200 hz to 4 khz 0 to ? 1 0 to 54 db + 12 to ? 12 db center frequency determines with a1 and k the bandwidth. the closer a2 comes to -1, the smaller the bandwidth. attenuation of the stop-band saturation amplification psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 codec data sheet 131 2001-03-12 figure 77 filter parameters of the equalizer the two main purposes of the programmable saturation amplification are: level balancing of the filtered signal (avoidance of overload effects). amplification up to + 12 db followed by a saturation (3.14 dbm0) of the incoming signal. this saturation amplification converts a sine-wave signal into a square-wave or a trapezoid signal where their edges are eliminated. this method produces pleasant ringing tones. psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 codec data sheet 132 2001-03-12 4.3.5 tone level adjustment the generated tone signal can be amplified separate for transmit and receive direction with the gain parameters gtx, gtr and switched to the transmit/receive channels by setting tgsr.trx (tone ringing transmit) and trr (tone ringing receive). table 20 cram parameters of the tone level adjustment 4.3.6 dtmf mode the dtmf mode of the tone generator is selected by setting the tgsr.dtmf to ? 1 ? . the trapezoid output signal of the signal generators (f3, g3) and (fd, gd3) are added and fed in the transmit path. the cram parameters for the dtmf signals are listed in table 21 in the dtmf mode a special dtmf filter is switched to the transmit channel. undesirable frequency components are filtered by this special dtmf-low-pass filter to the following limits: the pre-emphasis of 2 db between the high and the low dtmf-frequency groups has to be set with the independent gain parameters (g3 and gd3 resp.) of the trapezoid generators . all generated dtmf-frequencies are guaranteed within a 1 % deviation. parameter # of cram bytes range comment gtx 1 0 db to ? 50 db (also ? db) level adjustment in transmit direction gtr 1 0 db to ? 50 db (also ? db) level adjustment in receive direction frequency band min. attenuation 0 ? 300 hz 300 ? 3400 hz 3400 ? 4000 hz 33 db 20 db 33 db psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 codec data sheet 133 2001-03-12 note: the deviations due to the inaccuracy of the incoming clock dcl/mclk, when added to the nominal deviations tabulated above give the total absolute deviation from the ccitt-recommended frequencies table 21 dtmf-frequency (f3,fd) programming itu-t q.23 scout relative deviation coefficients [hz] nominal [hz] from itu-t high [hex] low [hex] low group 697 770 852 941 high group 1209 1336 1477 1633 697.1 770.3 852.2 941.4 1209.5 1336.9 1477.7 1632.8 + 143 ppm + 390 ppm + 235 ppm + 425 ppm + 414 ppm + 674 ppm + 474 ppm ? 122 ppm 4f a6 45 20 b4 c8 49 40 16 18 1b 1e 26 2a 2f 34 psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 codec data sheet 134 2001-03-12 4.4 speakerphone support the speakerphone option of the scout-sx performs all functions required for echo suppression without any external components, just by software. all these operational functions realized by the signal processor are completely parameterized. this technique offers a high level of flexibility and reproducibility. basically, three static mode of operation can be distinguished: ? transmit mode ? , ? receive mode ? , and ? idle mode ? . in the speech mode the receive path is attenuated while in listen mode the attenuation is switched to the transmit path. in the idle mode the attenuation is halved between transmit and receive paths. the amount of switchable attenuation can be chosen by software. the speakerphone goes into transmit mode if both, the speech detector and the speech comparator scae, indicate the presence of a speech signal in the transmit direction that is strong enough. switching into receive mode appears if the speech comparator scle and the speech detector in the receive path both detect a speech signal that is strong enough. if no speech is detected at all, the speakerphone goes into idle mode. as the signal flow graph of the speakerphone option shows (see figure chapter 78 ), the complete operational algorithm is situated between the analog front end/signal processing and the compression/expansion logic. thus telephone sets can be optimized and adjusted to the particular physical and acoustic environment. the main features of the speakerphone signal processing are: two separate attenuation stages activated by voice, one for the transmit and one for the receive path. they are controlled by the current and past speech activities. immediate mode switching mainly controlled by two comparators, one at the acoustic side and one at the line side. capable of handling very long echo times. all parameters can be adjusted independently and are closely related to the physical phenomenons. speech detection by special speech detectors in the respective transmit and receive directions. different time constants are separately programmable for signal and noise. background noise monitoring to eliminate continuous background noise from speech control. all time constants are user programmable. psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 codec data sheet 135 2001-03-12 figure 78 speakerphone signal flow graph of the scout-sx 4.4.1 attenuation control unit the attenuation control unit controls the attenuation stages ghx of the transmit and ghr of the receive directions respectively. the programmable loss is switched either completely to a single path or, in the ? idle ? mode, is halved to each direction. in addition, attenuation is also influenced by the automatic gain control stages (agcx and agcr). in order to keep the total loop gain always constant, the sweep range (of att) is automatically enlarged with high-gain amplification of the agcs while it will be accordingly reduced with low-gain. changing from one speakerphone mode into another one depends on the determinations of one comparator plus the corresponding speech detector. hence attenuation is influenced by the current and past speech activities. also rate of change varies: changing from ? transmit mode ? or ? receive mode ? to ? idle mode ? is programmable by the rate factor ds. direct changes from ? transmit mode ? to ? receive mode ? or vice- versa and changes from ? idle mode ? to ? transmit mode ? or ? receive mode ? can be programmed via the factor sw in a large range. comp exp signal-processing & analog front end signal-processing & analog front end ghx ghr sd attenuation control scae sx sd sx gr scle agcx agcr sr sr pcm pcm psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 codec data sheet 136 2001-03-12 description of the programmable parameters: 4.4.2 speakerphone test function and self adaption for optimizing the speakerphone performance the scout-sx provides following test functions: - the two register bits (xcsr.spst) indicate the different speakerphone states (receive, transmit and idle). - the momentary magnitude of the agc attenuation in receive direction can be read out by an sop_d command. 4.4.3 speech detector the speech detectors (see figure chapter 79 ) contained in both transmit and receive directions consist of two main blocks: background noise monitor (bnm) signal processing although the speech detector is fully parameterized, the standard coefficient set for the speech detector fits perfectly to almost every application and normally don ? t have to be altered. parameter # of cram bytes range comment tw att ds sw 1 1 1 1 16 ms to 4 s 0 db to 95 db 0.6 to 680 ms/db 0.0052 to 10 ms/db wait time attenuation programmed in ghr or ghx if speech activity for the other side was detected decay speed (decay time td = ds att/2) switching time (dependent on att) psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 codec data sheet 137 2001-03-12 figure 79 speech detector signal flow graph 4.4.3.1 background noise monitor the tasks of the noise monitor are to differentiate voice signals from background noise, even if it exceeds the voice level, and to recognize voice signals without any delay. therefore the background noise monitor consists of the low-pass filter 2 (lp2) and the offset in two separate branches. basically it works on the burst-characteristic of the speech: voice signals consist of short peaks with high power (bursts). in contrast, background noise can be regarded approximately stationary from its average power. low-pass filter 2 provides different time constants for noise (non-detected speech) and speech. it determines the average of the noise reference level. in case of background noise the level at the output of lp2 is approximately the level of the input. due to the offset off the comparator remains in the initial state. in case of speech at the comparator input the difference between the signal levels of the offset branch and of the lp2-branch increases and the comparator changes state. at speech bursts the digital signals arriving at the comparator via the offset branch change faster than those via the lp2-branch so that the comparator changes its polarity. hence two logical levels are generated: one for speech and one for noise. psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 codec data sheet 138 2001-03-12 a small fade constant (lp2n) enables fast settling down the lp2 to the average noise level after the end of speech recognition. however, a too small time constant for lp2n can cause rapid charging to such a high level that after recognizing speech the danger of an unwanted switching back to noise exists. it is recommended to choose a large rising constant (lp2s) so that speech itself charges the lp2 very slowly. generally, it is not recommended to choose an infinite lp2s because then approaching the noise level is disabled. during continuous speech or tones the lp2 will be charged until the limitation lp2l is reached. then the value of lp2 is frozen until a break discharges the lp2. this limitation lp2l of this charging especially on the rx-path permits transmission of continuous tones and ? music on hold ? . the offset stage represents the exact level threshold in [db] between the speech signal and averaged noise. 4.4.3.2 signal processing as described in the preceding chapter, the background noise monitor is able to discriminate between speech and noise. in very short speech pauses e.g. between two words, however, it changes immediately to non-speech, which is equal to noise. therefore a peak detection is required in front of the noise monitor. the main task of the peak detector is to bridge the very short speech pauses during a monologue so that this time constant has to be long. furthermore, the speech bursts are stored so that a sure speech detection is guaranteed. but if no speech is recognized the noise low-pass lp2 must be charged rapidly to the average noise level. additionally the noise edges are to be smoothed. therefore two time constants are necessary and are separately programmable: pds for speech and pdn for space (background noise) signals. the peak detector is very sensitive to spikes. the lp1 filters the incoming signal containing noise in a way that main spikes are eliminated. due to the programmable time constant it is possible to refuse high-energy sibilants and noise edges. to compress the speech signals in their amplitudes and to ease the detection of speech, the signals have to be companded logarithmically. hereby, the speech detector should not be influenced by the system noise which is always present but should discriminate between speech and background noise. the limitation of the logarithmic amplifier can be programmed via the parameter lim, where the upper half-byte features limx and the lower half-byte limr. lim is related to the maximum pcm level (+3.14 dbm0). a signal exceeding the limitation defined by lim is getting amplified logarithmically, while very smooth system noise below is neglected. it should be the level of the minimum system noise which is always existing; in the transmit path the noise generated by the telephone circuitry itself and in receive direction the level of the first bit which is stable without any speech signal at the receive path. psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 codec data sheet 139 2001-03-12 description of the programmable speech detector parameters: 4.4.4 speech comparators (sc) switching from one active mode to another one is controlled by the speech comparators, provided the speech detectors are indicating speech. there are two speech comparators, one at the acoustic (ae) and one at the line side (le). these comparators continuously compare the signal levels of both signal paths and control the effect of the echoes at the acoustic side and the line side. once speech activity has been detected, the comparator switches at once in that direction in which the speech signal is stronger. for this purpose each signal is compared to the sum of the other and the returned echo. 4.4.4.1 speech comparator at the acoustic side (scae) in principle, the scae works according to the following equation: being in rx-mode, the speech comparator at the acoustic side controls the switching to tx-mode. only if the sx-signal is higher than the sr-signal plus the expected/measured acoustic level enhancement (vae), the comparator switches immediately to tx-mode. physically the level enhancement (vae) is divided into two parts: gae and gdae. parameter # of cram bytes range comment lp1 off pds pdn lp2s lp2n lp2l limx, limr 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 to 512 ms 0 to 50 db 1 to 512 ms 1 to 512 ms 4 to 2000 ms 1 to 512 ms 0 to 95 db ? 36 to ? 78 db time constant lp1 level offset up to detected noise time constant pd (signal) time constant pd (noise) time constant lp2 (signal) time constant lp2 (noise) limitation of lp2, related to lim limitation of logarithmic amplifier if sx > sr + vae then tx else rx psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 codec data sheet 140 2001-03-12 figure 80 speech comparator at the acoustic side at the scae-input, logarithmic amplifiers compress the signal range. hence after the required signal processing for controlling the acoustic echo, pure logarithmic levels on both paths are compared. principally, the main task of the comparator is to control the echo. the internal coupling due to the direct sound and mechanical resonances are covered by gae. the external coupling, mainly caused by the acoustic feedback, is controlled by gdae/pdae. the gain of the acoustic echo (gae) corresponds to the terminal couplings of the complete telephone: gae is the measured or calculated level enhancement between both receive and transmit inputs of the scae (see figure chapter 78 ). it equals the sum of the amplification of als plus the gain due to the loudspeaker/microphone coupling plus the tx-amplification of amic1 and gx1. to succeed in a sure differentiation between original speech and echo, it must be guaranteed that the tx-signal does not run into saturation due to the loudspeaker/microphone coupling. therefore, it is recommended to reduce the tx-gain by 10 db in front of the scae at least in the loudest loudspeaker volume step. to fulfill the sending loudness rating, this gain is realized by the lgax/agcx which follows the scae. of course, the gae has to be reduced by the same amount. psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 codec data sheet 141 2001-03-12 to control the acoustic feedback two parameters are necessary: gdae-features the actual reserve on the measured gae. together with the peak decrement (pdae) it simulates the echo behaviour at the acoustic side: after rx-speech has ended there is a short time during which hard couplings through the mechanics and resonances and the direct echo are present. till the end of that time ( ? t ) the level enhancement vae must be at least equal to gae to prevent clipping caused by these internal couplings. then, only the acoustic feedback is present. this coupling, however, is reduced by air attenuation. for this in general the longer the delay, the smaller the echo being valid. this echo behaviour is featured by the decrement pdae. figure 81 interdependence of gdae and pdae according to figure 81 , a compromise between the reserve gdae and the decrement pdae has to be made: a smaller reserve (gdae) above the level enhancement gae requires a longer time to decrease (pdae). it is easy to overshout the other side but the intercommunication is harder because after the end of the speech, the level of the estimated echo has to be exceeded. on the contrary, with a higher reserve (gdae*) it is harder to overshout continuous speech or tones, but it enables a faster intercommunication because of a stronger decrement (pdae*). two pairs of coefficients, gdsae/pdsae when speech is detected, and gdnae/ pdnae in case of noise, offer a different echo handling for speech and non-speech. psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 codec data sheet 142 2001-03-12 with speech, even if very strong resonances are present, the performance will not be worsened by the high gdsae needed. only when speech is detected, a high reserve prevents clipping. a time period etae [ms] after speech end, the parameters of the comparator are switched to the ? noise ? values. if both sets of the parameters are equal, etae has no function. description of the programmable parameters: 4.4.4.2 speech comparator at the line side (scle) principally, the scle works similarly to the scae. the formula of scle is the following: being in tx-mode, the speech comparator at the line side controls the switching to rx- mode. when the sr-signal is higher than the sx-signal plus the expected/measured echo return loss (vle) and if sdr has detected speech, the comparator switches immediately to rx-mode. parameter # of cram bytes range comment gae gdsae pdsae gdnae pdnae etae 1 1 1 1 1 1 ? 48 to + 48 db 0 to 48 db 0.16 to 42 ms/db 0 to 48 db 0.16 to 42 ms/db 0 to 1020 ms gain of acoustic echo reserve when speech is detected peak decrement when speech is detected reserve when noise is detected peak decrement when noise is detected echo time if sr > sx + vle then rx else tx psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 codec data sheet 143 2001-03-12 figure 82 speech comparator at the line side the gain of the line echo (gle) directly corresponds to the echo return loss of the link. generally, it is specified to 27 db. however, the worst case loss can be estimated to 10 db. this means, the echo returns at least attenuated by 10 db. similarly to the acoustic side, gdle at the line side features the reserve above gle which is necessary to control the echo via the decrement pdle. gdle and pdle are interdependent. exactly ? t [ms] after the end of rx-speech the level enhancement vle must be at least gle to prevent clipping. two pairs of coefficients are available: gdsle/pdsle while speech is detected and gdnle/pdnle in case of noise. this offers the possibility to control separately the far- end echo during speech and the near-end echo while noise is detected. however, this requires an attenuation between the speech detectors sdx and sdr: if the sdx does not recognize any speech, the sdr must not detect speech due to the far-end echo. note, that limx and limr are also influencing the sensitivity of the speech detection. etle [ms] after the final speech detection the parameter sets are switched. if both sets are equal, etle has no meaning. psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 codec data sheet 144 2001-03-12 description of the programmable parameters: 4.4.4.3 automatic gain control of the transmit direction (agcx) optionally an agcx is inserted into the transmit path (see figure 83 ) to reach nearly constant loudness ratings independent from the varying distance between the speaking person and the microphone. the agcx works only together with the speakerphone function (gcr.sp=1). operation of the agcx depends on a threshold level. the threshold is defined by the parameter comx (value relative to the maximum pcm-value). regulation follows two time constants: tmhx for signal amplitudes above the threshold and tmlx for amplitudes below. usually tmhx will be chosen up to 10 times faster than tmlx. the bold line in figure chapter 84 depicts the steady-state output level of the agcx as a function of the input level. parameter # of cram bytes range comment gle gdsle pdsle gdnle pdnle etle 1 1 1 1 1 1 ? 48 to + 48 db 0 to 48 db 0.16 to 42 ms/db 0 to 48 db 0.16 to 42 ms/db 0 to 1020 ms gain of line echo reserve when speech is detected peak decrement when speech is detected reserve when noise is detected peak decrement when noise is detected echo time psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 codec data sheet 145 2001-03-12 figure 83 block diagram of the agc in transmit direction for reasons of physiological acceptance the agcx gain is automatically reduced in case of continuous background noise e.g. by ventilators. the reduction is programmed via the nolsx-parameter. when the noise level increases the threshold determined by noisx, the amplification will be reduced by the same amount the noise level is above the threshold. a programmable loudness gain adjustment stage (lgax) offers the possibility to amplify the transmit signal after the speech detector sdx. if a lower signal range in front of the sdx is necessary to determine between speech and echo a part of the transmit signal amplification can be transferred to the lgax. it is enabled with the bit gcr.sp. note: even if the agcx is disabled in speakerphone mode the lgax remains enabled. if the speakerphone is in receive mode, the agcx is not working; instead the last gain setting is used and regulation starts with this value as soon as the speakerphone returns into transmit mode again. for transmission measurements with this transient behavior it is recommended not to use a continuous sinewave signals but some kind of synthetic speech (e.g. switched noise or composite source signal css). the sweep range of the switchable attenuation att (see chapter 4.4.1 ) is affected by the agcx. if the automatic gain control enlarges the signal level, the sweep range will be increased accordingly in order to obtain a constant over-all gain in transmit and receive direction (constant tcl, constant echo return loss). psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 codec data sheet 146 2001-03-12 the initial gain (agix) is used immediately after enabling the agcx to allow a fast settling time of the agc. figure 84 level diagram for the agc in transmit direction max. pcm max. pcm -50dbm0 -10dbm0 -20dbm0 -30dbm0 -40dbm0 -10dbm0 -50dbm0 -40dbm0 -30dbm0 -20dbm0 agc outpu t level agc input level comx agx agx=0...+18db xken.drw agx+|aax| psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 codec data sheet 147 2001-03-12 description of the programmable parameters: 4.4.5 automatic gain control of the receive direction (agcr) the automatic gain control of the receive direction agcr (see figure chapter 85 ) is similar to the transmit agc. one additional parameter (aar) offers more flexibility since the agcr is able to attenuate signals as well. depending on the parameters aar and agr different behaviours of the agcr are possible as figure chapter 86 illustrates. for example with agr set to 0db and aar set to maximum (-48 db) the agcr acts as a limiter. the agcr is working only together with the speakerphone function (gcr.sp=1). the digital gain stage lgar is always enabled in speakerphone mode, independent of the setting of gcr.agcr. it is highly recommended to program reasonable amplifications in the digital gain stages. otherwise the asp will run into saturation above the 3.14 db pcm-value. note that the speech detector for the receive direction is supplied with the signal that comes out of the agr-block unless xcr.pgcr = ? 1 ? . parameter # of cram bytes range comment lgax comx aax agx agix tmlx tmhx noisx 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ? 12 to 12 db 0 to ? 73 db 0 to 47 db 0 to 18 db 0 to 18 db 1 to 2700 ms/db 1 to 340 ms/db 0 to ? 95 db loudness gain adjustment compare level rel. to max. pcm-value attenuation range of automatic control gain range of automatic control initial agc gain transmit settling time constant for lower levels settling time constant for higher levels threshold for agc-reduction by background noise psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 codec data sheet 148 2001-03-12 figure 85 function of the receive agc psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 codec data sheet 149 2001-03-12 figure 86 level diagram for the agc in receive direction if the speakerphone is in transmit mode, the agcr is not working; instead the last gain setting is used and the regulation starts with this value when the speakerphone has gone back into receive mode again. the initial attenuation (agir) is used immediately after enabling the agcr to allow a fast settling time of the agc. the sweep range of the switchable attenuation att is affected by the agcr. if the automatic gain control enlarges or reduces the signal level, the sweep range will be adjusted automatically in a way, that the over-all gain in transmit and receive direction remains constant (constant tcl, constant echo return loss). because of this the agcr can be used for a comfortable receive volume control where the tcl value is the same for each volume setting and thus providing an optimal speakerphone performance. for such a volume control the momentary attenuation of the agcr has to be read out by a sop_d command. the parameters agir, comr, can be determined for the desired volume change and written back in the cram. max. pcm max. pcm -50dbm0 -10dbm0 -20dbm0 -30dbm0 -40dbm0 -10dbm0 -50dbm0 -40dbm0 -30dbm0 -20dbm0 agc outpu t level agc input level comr agr>0 agr=0 agr=0...+18db aar=0...-48db agr+|aar| rken.drw psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 codec data sheet 150 2001-03-12 description of the programmable parameters: 4.4.6 speakerphone coefficient set table 22 shows a possible configuration for a speakerphone application and can be used as a basic programming set. parameter # of cram bytes range comment lgar comr aar agir agr tmlr tmhr noisr 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ? 12 to 12 db 0 to ? 73 db 0 to ? 47 db 18 to ? 47 db 0 to 18 db 1 to 2700 ms/db 1 to 340 ms/db 0 to ? 95 db loudspeaker gain adjustment compare level rel. to max. pcm-value attenuation range of automatic control initial agc attenuation/ gain receive gain range of automatic control settling time constant for lower levels settling time constant for higher levels threshold for agc-reduction by background noise table 22 basic coefficient set cmd sequence coefficient code value cop_a cop_a cop_a cop_a cop_a cop_a cop_a cop_a gae gle att etae etle tw ds sw 0e h e5 h 48 h 0c h 32 h 09 h 25 h 64 h 5.3 db ? 10.2 db 28.2 db 48.0 ms 200.0 ms 144.0 ms 99 ms/db 0.6 ms/db cop_b cop_b cop_b cop_b cop_b cop_b cop_b cop_b gdsae pdsae gdnae pdnae gdsle pdsle gdnle pdnle 20 h 05 h 20 h 05 h 40 h 02 h 40 h 02 h 6.0 db 8.5 ms/db 6.0 db 8.5 ms/db 12.0 db 21.3 ms/db 12.0 db 21.3 ms/db psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 codec data sheet 151 2001-03-12 cop_c cop_c cop_c cop_c cop_c cop_c cop_c cop_c limx, limr offx offr lp2lx lp2lr lp1x lp1r reserved 00 h 44 h 0c h 0c h 20 h 20 h e1 h e1 h ? 54 db, ? 54 db 4.5 db 4.5 db 12 db 12 db 4.0 ms 4.0 ms cop_d cop_d cop_d cop_d cop_d cop_d cop_d cop_d pdsx pdnx lp2sx lp2nx pdsr pdnr lp2sr lp2nr 26 h f4 h 20 h 44 h 26 h f4 h 20 h 44 h 102.3 ms 32.0 ms 6.6 s 30.0 ms 102.3 ms 32.0 ms 6.6 s 30.0 ms cop_e cop_e cop_e cop_e cop_e cop_e cop_e cop_e lgax comx aax agx tmhx tmlx noisx agix 13 h c3 h 20 h 01 h 0a h 24 h 4f h 20 h 4.50 db ? 20.4 db 12.0 db 12.0 db 14.0 ms/db 383.0 ms/db ? 66.2 db 0 db cop_f cop_f cop_f cop_f cop_f cop_f cop_f cop_f lgar comr aar agr tmhr tmlr noisr agir 12 h b2 h 55 h 00 h 0a h 2f h 4f h 5.5 db ? 15.1 db ? 33.2 db 18.1 db 14.0 ms/db 500.9 ms/db ? 66.23 db 0 db table 22 basic coefficient set (cont ? d) cmd sequence coefficient code value psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 codec data sheet 152 2001-03-12 4.5 controlled monitoring a so called ? controlled monitoring ? can be done when the bit gcr.cme is set. this mode can only be used together with the speakerphone mode (gcr.sp). with cme = ? 1 ? the attenuation stage ghr is fixed to a value of 0 db but the attenuation takes place in the analog loudspeaker amplifier als in a way that the amplification of the als is set to ? 9.5 db or -21.5 db (depends on atcr.cmas setting) as soon as the attenuation control unit switches to transmit mode. therefore in transmit direction the same behavior as in speakerphone mode occurs but in the receive direction the handset output offers a signal as in normal handset mode while the volume at the loudspeaker output will be reduced to a low level during transmit mode. if the programming for the loudspeaker output (arcr.lsc) is already chosen for values of less or equal ? 9.5 db, no further attenuation takes place. in order to get a stable controlled monitoring due to the feedback of the microphone signal to the loudspeaker via the sidetone stage it is possible to change the tap of the sidetone signal from before to after the attenuation stage (pfcr.pgz = ? 1 ? ). 4.6 voice data manipulation the codec offers several possibilities of manipulating and controlling the codec data to support a variety of applications and operating modes. all the functions and modes can be selected by setting the register bits listed in table 23 . the signal paths and functions are illustrated in the voice data manipulation block of figure 73 . possible applications and operating modes which can be realized by the voice data manipulation of the codec together with the time slot and data port selection of the integrated iom-2 handler are e.g.: three party conferencing with - 1 device internal and 2 external subscribers or - 2 device internal, tip-ring extension and 1 external subscriber the addition of the subscriber information can be done completely in the terminal by the integrated codec communication between codec and other voice data processing devices on iom-2 (e.g. ace, jade, sam and isar) the data formats pcm a-law pcm -law 8-bit linear and 16-bit linear are provided. the 8-bit formats of ch1 and ch2 in both directions can be masked by an implemented mask register monitoring a running phone call intercommunication: during a running phone call a voice announcement or a query can be switched or added to the desired outputs (handset, loudspeaker or transmit direction) psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 codec data sheet 153 2001-03-12 table 23 voice data manipulation register bits description dssr data source selection register dss1x, dss2x: data source selection ch1x, data source selection ch2x as data source for the transmit data channels ch1x or ch2x respectively can be selected: - codec voice data xdat - addition of xdat and the receive channel ch2r or ch1r respectively. - receive channel ch2r or ch1r respectively - idle code the data of the receive channels can be attenuated individually by att1r, att2r to ensure an acceptable speech quality in the three party conferencing dssr: data source selection receive as data source for the codec receive data channel rdat can be selected: - receive channel ch1r - receive channel ch2r - addition of ch1r and ch2r - idle code enx1, enx2: enable transmit ch1, ch2 the transmit data of ch1x, ch2x can be enabled or disabled dfr data format register df1r, df2r: data format ch1r, ch2r the data format a-law -law 8-bit linear and 16-bit linear can be selected 8lin1, 8lin2: 8-bit linear ch1, 8-bit linear ch2 an 8-bit linear code can be selected for transmit and receive separately mask1r, mask2r mask channel 1,2 register mask1, mask2: mask data ch1, ch2 the 8-bit formats of ch1 and ch2 in both directions can be masked by an implemented mask register psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 codec data sheet 154 2001-03-12 4.7 test functions the codec provides several test and diagnostic functions which can be grouped as follows: all programmable configuration registers and coefficient ram-locations are readable digital loop via pcm-register (dlp) digital loop via signal processor (dls) digital loop via noise shaper (dln) analog loop via analog front end (alf) analog loop via converter (alc) analog loop via noise shaper (aln) analog loop via z-sidetone (alz); sidetone gain stage gz must be enabled (pfcr.gz = 1) and sidetone gain must be programmed with 0 db; depending on the dssr bit setting in the data source selection register (dssr) an addition to the incoming voice signal is executed. psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 codec data sheet 155 2001-03-12 4.8 programming of the codec during initialization of the codec a subset of configuration registers and coefficient ram (cram) locations has to be programmed to set the configuration parameters according to the application and desired features. the codec can be programmed via microcontroller interface (see chapter 2.1 ) or the iom-2 monitor channel (see chapter 2.2.4 ). the coefficient ram (cram) can generally be programmed in power-up as well as in power-down mode. however, due to the general possibility of concurrent accesses of the arcofi ? -dsp and the microcontroller, access collisions can not totally be eliminated. to ensure the error free programming of the cram, it ? s recommended to delay the access after switching from power-down to power-up ( or after switching from power-up to power-down respectively) by a setup time of 4 iom-2 frames, i.e 500 s. an arcofi ? compatible programming sequence is available (see chapter 2.1.1.1 and chapter 4.8.1 ) which allows using the sop, cop and xop command sequences of the arcofi. the codec can also be programmed by addressing the configuration registers and coefficient ram (cram) locations directly (see chapter 4.8.2 ). the following two chapters 4.8.1 and 4.8.2 give an overview of the access to the codec parameters. for more detailed information about the individual parameters refer to the corresponding sections in the functional and register description of the codec . 4.8.1 indirect programming of the codec (sop, cop, xop) this programming sequence is compatible to the sop, cop and xop command sequences of the arcofi. it gives indirect access to the codec registers 60 h -6e h and the cram (80 h -ff h ). the codec command word (cmdw) is followed by a defined number of data bytes (data n; n = 0, 1, 4 or 8). the number of data bytes depends on the codec command. the commands can be applied in any order and number. the coding of the different sop, cop and xop commands is listed in the description of the command word (cmdw) in chapter 4.8.1.1 . structure of the arcofi compatible sequence: cmdw 00 h data1 data n cmd data1 data n defined length defined length psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 codec data sheet 156 2001-03-12 4.8.1.1 description of the command word (cmdw) value after reset: bf h coding of status operations (sop) : 70 cmdw r/w 0 cmd5 cmd4 cmd3 cmd2 cmd1 cmd0 r/w 0: writing to configuration registers or to coefficient ram 1: reading from configuration registers or from coefficient ram cmdx address to internal programmable locations cmd543210 0 0 x x x x code reserved 0 1 x x x x status operation (sop) 1 0 x x x x coefficient operation (cop) 1 1 x x x x extended operation (xop) bit 3 2 1 0 cmd name status cmd seq. len. cmd sequence description (registers being accessed) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 sop_0 sop_1 sop_2 sop_3 sop_4 sop_5 sop_6 sop_7 sop_8 sop_9 sop_a sop_b sop_c sop_d sop_e sop_f r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 9 psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 codec data sheet 157 2001-03-12 coding of coefficient operations (cop) bit 3 2 1 0 cmd name status cmd seq. len. cmd sequence description comments 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 cop_0 cop_1 cop_2 cop_3 cop_4 cop_5 cop_6 cop_7 cop_8 cop_9 cop_a cop_b cop_c cop_d cop_e cop_f r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w 9 9 9 5 5 9 5 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 codec data sheet 158 2001-03-12 4.8.2 direct programming of the codec the codec registers (60 h -6f h ) and the cram (80 h -ff h ) are directly accessible (see chapter 2.1 and 4.8.2.1 ). 4.8.2.1 cram back-up procedure for the direct access to individual cram coefficients via microcontroller a back-up procedure is provided. this ensures that the codec dsp always works with a consistent and valid coefficient block during the changing of cram parameters. the following section describes this back-up procedure. note: for the arcofi compatible programming sequence (see chapter 2.1.1.1 ) such a back-up procedure for the cram blocks is not necessary because it is done automatically. the control of the back-up procedure is done with the cram control register (ccr) and the cram status register (csr).the control and status bits in these registers are explained in the following section: cram block address (cbadr) the cram range (80 h to ff h ) is subdivided in 16 cram blocks with the block address cbadr = ? 0 h ? to ? f h ? . each coefficent block has 8 bytes. the mapping of the cram coefficents corresponds to the cop_x sequences of the arcofi (see table 25 and chapter 4.8.1.1 ). dsp cram access (dca) by setting this bit it is possible to select whether the codec dsp has access to the cram blocks in the normal cram range ( ? 0 ? ) or to a temporary 8-byte cram block ( ? 1 ? ). start back-up procedure (sbp) setting this bit starts the transfer of a cram block (cbadr) to the temporary 8-byte cram block. busy back-up procedure (bsyb ) this status bit indicates if a transfer of a cram block (cbadr) to the temporary 8-byte cram block is running ( ? 1 ? ) or not ( ? 0 ? ). if the transfer is running no cram access via microcontroller interface is allowed. figure 87 shows the access structure of cram and temporary cram. figure 88 gives a signal flow of the back-up procedure of a cram block x (x = 0...f). psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 codec data sheet 159 2001-03-12 figure 87 cram access structure figure 88 signal flow of the back-up procedure psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 codec data sheet 160 2001-03-12 4.8.3 reference tables for the register and cram locations table 24 configuration registers address cmdw wr/rd register bit effect sop_0 60 h 10 h /90 h gcr sp agcx agcr mgcr cme pu att2r att1r speakerphone on/off tx-automatic gain control (if gcr.sp = 1) rx-automatic gain control (if gcr.sp = 1) modified gain control receive controlled monitoring enable power-up/down mode attenuation of the receive channel related to transmit channel 2 attenuation of the receive channel related to transmit channel 1 sop_1 61 h 11 h /91 h pfcr gx gr gz fx pgz fr dhpr dhpx tx digital gain rx digital gain sidetone gain tx-frequency correction filter position sidetone gain rx-frequency correction filter disable high-pass (50 hz) receive disable high-pass (50 hz) transmit sop_2 62 h 12 h /92 h tgcr et dt etf pt seq tm sm sqtr enable tone generator dual tone mode enable tone filter pulsed tone sequence generator tone mode stop mode square/trapezoid shaped signal psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 codec data sheet 161 2001-03-12 sop_3 63 h 13 h /93 h tgsr - trl - trr dtmf trx - - reserved tone ringing via loudspeaker reserved tone ringing in receive direction dtmf mode tone ringing in transmit direction reserved reserved sop_4 64 h 14 h /94 h acr - sem dhop dhon dlsp dlsn reserved single ended mode of loudspeaker amplifier disable hop (tristate) disable hon (tristate) disable lsp (tristate) disable lsn (tristate) sop_5 65 h 15 h /95 h atcr mic(7:4) - cmas aimx(1:0) microphone amplifier control reserved controlled monitoring attenuation select analog input multiplexer sop_6 66 h 16 h /96 h arcr hoc(7:4) lsc(3:0) handset output amplifier control loudspeaker output amplifier control sop_7 67 h 17 h /97 h dfr df2r(7:6) df2x(5:4) df1r(3:2) df1x(1:0) data format ch2 receive data format ch2 transmit data format ch1 receive data format ch1 transmit table 24 configuration registers (cont ? d) address cmdw wr/rd register bit effect psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 codec data sheet 162 2001-03-12 sop_8 68 h 18 h /98 h dssr dssr(7:6) enx2 enx1 dss2x(3:2) dss1x(1:0) data source selection receive enable transmit ch2 enable transmit ch2 data source selection ch2 transmit data source selection ch1 transmit sop_9 69 h 19 h /- xcr pgcr pgcx era - - - - maar position of gain control receive position of gain control transmit enhanced reverse attenuation reserved reserved reserved reserved monitoring agc attenuation receive -/99 h xsr if maar = ? 0 ? pgcr pgcx era - - - spst(1:0) read-back position of gain control receive read-back position of gain control transmit read-back enhanced reverse attenuation reserved reserved reserved speakerphone state -/99 h xsr if maar = ? 1 ? value of the momentary agc attenuation sop_a 6a h 1a h /9a h mask1r mask1(7:2) mp1(1:0) mask register ch1 mask position ch1 sop_b 6b h 1b h /9b h mask2r mask2(7:2) mp2(1:0) mask register ch2 mask position ch2 table 24 configuration registers (cont ? d) address cmdw wr/rd register bit effect psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 codec data sheet 163 2001-03-12 sop_c 6c h 1c h /9c h tfcr - - altf(5:3) dltf(2:0) reserved reserved analog loops and test functions digital loops and test functions sop_d 6d h 1d h /9d h tmr1 reserved sop_e 6e h 1e h /9e h tmr2 reserved sop_f -1f h /9f h psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 codec data sheet 164 2001-03-12 table 25 coefficient ram (cram) address cmdw wr/rd mnemonic description cop_0: tone generator parameter set 1 87 h 86 h 85 h 84 h 83 h 82 h 81 h 80 h 20 h /a0 h f1 g1 gd1 t1 - - tone generator frequency higher byte tone generator frequency lower byte tone generator amplitude trapezoid generator amplitude beat tone time higher byte beat tone time lower byte reserved reserved cop_1: tone generator parameter set 2; tone generator level adjustment 8f h 8e h 8d h 8c h 8b h 8a h 89 h 88 h 21 h /a1 h f2 g2 gd2 t2 gtr gtx tone generator frequency higher byte tone generator frequency lower byte tone generator amplitude trapezoid generator amplitude beat tone time span higher byte beat tone time span lower byte level adjustment for receive path level adjustment for transmit path cop_2: tone generator parameter set 3; parameter set for the dtmf-generator (tgsr.dtmf = 1) 97 h 96 h 95 h 94 h 93 h 92 h 91 h 90 h 22 h /a2 h f3 g3 gd3 t3 fd tone generator frequency higher byte tone generator frequency lower byte tone generator amplitude trapezoid generator amplitude beat tone time span higher byte beat tone time span lower byte dual tone frequency higher byte dual tone frequency lower byte cop_3: tone filter 9b h 9a h 99 h 98 h 23 h /a3 h k a1 a2 ge attenuation of the stop-band center frequency bandwidth saturation amplification psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 codec data sheet 165 2001-03-12 cop_4: control generator a3 h a2 h a1 h a0 h 24 h /a4 h ton toff turn-on period of the tone generator higher byte turn-on period of the tone generator lower byte turn-off period of the tone generator higher byte turn-off period of the tone generator lower byte cop_5: receive and transmit gain af h ae h ad h ac h ab h aa h a9 h a8 h 25 h /a5 h gx gr att1r att2r - - transmit gain higher byte transmit gain lower byte receive gain higher byte receive gain lower byte conferencing attenuation ch1r conferencing attenuation ch2r reserved reserved cop_6:sidetone gain b3 h b2 h b1 h b0 h 26 h /a6 h gz - - sidetone gain higher byte sidetone gain lower byte reserved reserved cop_7:transmit correction filter part 5 to part 12 bf h be h bd h bc h bb h ba h b9 h b8 h 27 h /a7 h fx transmit correction filter coefficients part 1 transmit correction filter coefficients part 2 transmit correction filter coefficients part 3 transmit correction filter coefficients part 4 transmit correction filter coefficients part 5 transmit correction filter coefficients part 6 transmit correction filter coefficients part 7 transmit correction filter coefficients part 8 table 25 coefficient ram (cram) (cont ? d) address cmdw wr/rd mnemonic description psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 codec data sheet 166 2001-03-12 cop_8:transmit correction filter part 1 to part 4 and receive correction filter part 9 to part 12 c7 h c6 h c5 h c4 h c3 h c2 h c1 h c0 h 28 h /a8 h fx fr transmit correction filter coefficients part 9 transmit correction filter coefficients part 10 transmit correction filter coefficients part 11 transmit correction filter coefficients part 12 receive correction filter coefficients part 9 receive correction filter coefficients part 10 receive correction filter coefficients part 11 receive correction filter coefficients part 12 cop_9:receive correction filter part 1 to part 8 cf h ce h cd h cc h cb h ca h c9 h c8 h 29 h /a9 h fr receive correction filter coefficients 1 receive correction filter coefficients 2 receive correction filter coefficients 3 receive correction filter coefficients 4 receive correction filter coefficients 5 receive correction filter coefficients 6 receive correction filter coefficients 7 receive correction filter coefficients 8 cop_a:parameter set for transmit and receive speech comparator parameter set for speakerphone control unit d7 h d6 h d5 h d4 h d3 h d2 h d1 h d0 h 2a h /aa h gae gle att etae etle tw ds sw gain of acoustic echo gain of line echo attenuation programmed in ghr or ghx echo time (acoustic side) echo time (line side) wait time decay speed switching time table 25 coefficient ram (cram) (cont ? d) address cmdw wr/rd mnemonic description psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 codec data sheet 167 2001-03-12 cop_b:parameter set for transmit and receive speech comparator df h de h dd h dc h db h da h d9 h d8 h 2b h /ab h gdsae pdsae gdnae pdnae gdsle pdsle gdnle pdnle reserve when speech is detected (acoustic side) peak decrement when speech is detected (acoustic side) reserve when noise is detected (acoustic side) peak decrement when noise is detected (acoustic side) reserve when speech is detected (line side) peak decrement when speech is detected (line side) reserve when noise is detected (line side) peak decrement when noise is detected (line side) cop_c:parameter set for transmit and receive speech detector e7 h e6 h e5 h e4 h e3 h e2 h e1 h e0 h 2c h /ac h lim offx offr lp2lx lp2lr lp1x lp1r - starting level of the logarithmic amplifiers level offset up to detected noise (transmit) level offset up to detected noise (receive) limitation for lp2 (transmit) limitation for lp2 (receive) time constant lp1 (transmit) time constant lp1 (receive) reserved cop_d:parameter set for receive and transmit speech detector ef h ee h ed h ec h eb h ea h e9 h e8 h 2d h /ad h pdsx pdnx lp2sx lp2nx pdsr pdnr lp2sr lp2nr time constant pd for signal (transmit) time constant pd for noise (transmit) time constant lp2 for signal (transmit) time constant lp2 for noise (transmit) time constant pd for signal (receive) time constant pd for noise (receive) time constant lp2 for signal (receive) time constant lp2 for noise (receive) table 25 coefficient ram (cram) (cont ? d) address cmdw wr/rd mnemonic description psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 codec data sheet 168 2001-03-12 cop_e:parameter set for transmit agc f7 h f6 h f5 h f4 h f3 h f2 h f1 h f0 h 2e h /ae h lgax comx aax agx tmhx tmlx noisx agix loudness gain adjustment compare level rel. to max. pcm-value attenuation range of automatic control gain range of automatic control settling time constant for higher levels settling time constant for lower levels threshold for agc-reduction by background noise initial agc gain transmit cop_f:parameter set for receive agc ff h fe h fd h fc h fb h fa h f9 h f8 h 2f h /af h lgar comr aar agr tmhr tmlr noisr agir loudness gain adjustment compare level rel. to max. pcm-value attenuation range of automatic control gain range of automatic control settling time constant for higher lower levels settling time constant for lower levels threshold for agc-reduction by background noise initial agc attenuation/gain receive table 25 coefficient ram (cram) (cont ? d) address cmdw wr/rd mnemonic description psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 clock generation data sheet 169 2001-03-12 5 clock generation figure 89 shows the clock system of the scout. the oscillator is used to generate a 7.68 mhz clock signal. the dpll generates the iom-2 clocks fsc (8 khz), dcl (1536 khz) and bcl (768 khz) synchronous to the received s/t frames (see figure 90). the prescaler for the microcontroller clock output (mclk) divides the 7.68 mhz clock by 1, 2 and 8 corresponding to the mclk control bits in the mode1 register. additionally it is possible to disable the mclk output by setting the mclk bits to ? 11 ? . figure 89 clock system of the scout clock_gen_s.vsd dpll 3 cpll fsc dcl bcl codec clock xtal 7.68 mhz osc 125 s < t < 250 s 125 s < t < 250 s t = 125 s 7.68 mhz reset generation c/i change eaw watchdog mclk prescaler '00': 2 '01': 8 '10': 1 '11': mclk disabled mclk mode1.mclk psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 clock generation data sheet 170 2001-03-12 5.1 jitter 5.1.1 jitter on iom-2 the dpll only readjusts with each received f/l edge of the s interface. if the receiver has not yet synchronized the dpll will adjust in one step. 5.1.2 jitter on s the s transmit clock is derived from the s receive clock. 5.1.3 jitter on mclk jitter on the mclk output is directly related to the crystal tolerance. only clock dividers are involved. figure 90 clock waveforms bcl dcl fsc psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 reset data sheet 171 2001-03-12 6 reset the scout can be reset completely by a hardware reset (pin rst ). additionally each functional block can be reset separately via register sres. if enabled an exchange awake, subscriber awake or watchdog time-out can generate a reset on pin rsto /sds2. a hardware reset always generates a reset on pin rsto / sds2 (see figure 91 ). figure 91 reset generation. the above mentioned reset pulse widths are controlled by the clock pin fsc res_gen_s.vsd 125 s < t < 250 s eaw (subscriber awake) c/i code change (exchange awake) watchdog hdlc: (00 h -2f h ) tr: (30 h -3b h ) iom: (40 h -5b h ) mon: (5c h -5f h ) co: (60 h -6f h ) cpll: - reset functional block block register software reset (register sres) 125 s < t < 250 s t = 125 s rss2 = ? 0 ? rss(2:1) = ? 01 ? reset mode1 register internal reset of all registers rss1 = ? 1 ? 1 sds1 pin sdsx sds2 sdsx_cr register rsto/ sds2 pin rst pin psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 reset data sheet 172 2001-03-12 6.1 reset source selection the internal reset sources c/i code change, eaw and watchdog can be output at the low active reset pin rsto /sds2. the selection of these reset sources can be done with the rss2,1 bits in the mode1 register according table 26 . if rss2,1 = ? 01 ? the rsto /sds2 pin has sds2 functionality and a serial data strobe signal (see chapter 2.2.3 ) is output at the rsto /sds2 pin. in this case only a hardware reset is output at rsto /sds2. the internal reset sources set the mode1 register to its default value. c/i code change (exchange awake) a change in the downstream c/i channel (c/ i0) generates a reset pulse of 125s t 250s. eaw (subscriber awake) a low pulse of at least 65 ns pulse width on the eaw input starts the oscillator from the power down state and generates a reset pulse of 125 s t 250 s. watchdog timer after the selection of the watchdog timer (rss = ? 11 ? ) an internal timer is reset and started. during every time period of 128 ms the microcontroller has to program the wtc1- and wtc2 bits in the following sequence to reset and restart the watchdog timer: if not, the timer expires and a wov-interrupt (ista register) together with a reset pulse of 125 s is generated. if the watchdog timer is enabled (rss = ? 11 ? ) the rss bits can only be changed by a hardware reset. table 26 reset source selection rss2 bit 1 rss1 bit 0 c/i code change eaw watchdog timer sds2 functionality 0 0 -- -- -- -- 0 1 -- -- -- x 10 xx -- -- 1 1 -- -- x -- wtc1 wtc2 1. 2. 1 0 0 1 psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 reset data sheet 173 2001-03-12 6.2 external reset input at the active low rst input pin an external reset can be applied forcing the device into the reset state. this external reset signal is additionally fed to the rsto /sds2 output. the length of the reset signal is specified in chapter 8.1.8 . after an external reset all internal registers are set to their reset values (see register description in chapter 7 ). 6.3 software reset register (sres) every internal functional block can be reset separately by setting the corresponding bit in the sres register (see chapter 7.2.15 ). the reset state is activated as long as the bit is set to ? 1 ? . the address range of the registers which will be reset at each sres bit is listed in figure 91 . 6.4 pin behavior during reset during each reset the reference voltage (v ref ) stays applied, the oscillator, data clock (dcl) and microcontroller clock (mclk) keep running. during any reset that has an influence on the iom handler (see figure 91 ) the pin fsc is set to ? 1 ? , the pin sds1 is set to ? 0 ? and pin bcl, dd and du are in the high-impedance state. during any reset that has an influence on the codec (see figure 91 ) the pins lsp, lsn, hop and hon are in the high-impedance state. during any reset that has an influence on the transceiver (see figure 91 ) the line transceiver pins are in the high-impedance state. during hardware reset the pins sdx and int are in the high-impedance state. a hardware reset is always output at pin rsto /sds2. this reset will be released by the falling edge of bcl following the release of the pin rst . psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 detailed register description data sheet 174 2001-03-12 7 detailed register description the register mapping is shown in figure 92 . figure 92 register mapping the register address range from 00-1f h is assigned to the two fifos having an identical address range. the address range 20-2f h pertains to the hdlc controller and the ci handler. the register set ranging from 30-3f h pertains to the transceiver, interrupt and general configuration registers. the address range from 40-59 h is assigned to the iom handler with the registers for timeslot and data port selection (tsdp) and the control registers (cr) for the codec data (co), transceiver data (tr), monitor data (mon), hdlc/ci data (hci) and controller access data (cda), serial data strobe signal (sds), iom interface (iom) and synchronous transfer interrupt (sti). the address range from 5c-5f h pertains to the monitor handler. the codec configuration registers and the codec coefficient ram (cram) are assigned to the address range 60-6f h or 80-ff h respectively. the register summaries are shown in the following tables containing the abbreviation of the register name and the register bits, the register address, the reset values and the register type (read/write). a detailed register description follows these register summaries. the register summaries and the description are sorted in ascending order of the register address. codec coefficient ram reserved codec configuration iom handler (cda, tsdp, transc., interrupt, mode reg. hdlc control, ci reg. hdlc rfifo/xfifo 00 h 20 h 30 h 40 h 60 h 70 h 80 h ff h cr, sti), monitor register psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 detailed register description data sheet 175 2001-03-12 hdlc control registers, ci handler name 76543210addrr/wres rfifo d-channel receive fifo 00 h -1f h r xfifo d-channel transmit fifo 00 h -1f h w istah rme rpf rfo xpr xmr xdu 0 0 20 h r10 h maskh rme rpf rfo xpr xmr xdu 0 0 20 h wfc h star xdov xfw 0 0 raci 0 xaci 0 21 h r40 h cmdr rmc rres 0 sti xtf 0 xme xres 21 h w00 h modeh mds2 mds1 mds0 0 rac dim2 dim1 dim0 22 h r/w c0 h exmr xfbs rfbs sra xcrc rcrc 0 itf 23 h r/w 00 h timr cnt value 24 h r/w 00 h sap1 sapi1 0 mha 25 h wfc h sap2 sapi2 0 mla 26 h wfc h rbcl rbc7 rbc0 26 h r00 h rbch 0 0 0 ov rbc11 rbc8 27 h r00 h tei1 tei1 ea 27 h wff h tei2 tei2 ea 28 h wff h rsta vfr rdo crc rab sa1 sa0 c/r ta 28 h r0e h tmh 0000000tlp29 h r/w 00 h reserved 2a h - 2d h cir0 codr0 cic0 cic1 s/g bas 2e h rf3 h cix0 codx0 tba2 tba1 tba0 bac 2e h wfe h cir1 codr1 0 0 2f h rfc h cix1 codx1 cicw ci1e 2f h wfe h psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 detailed register description data sheet 176 2001-03-12 transceiver, interrupt, general configuration registers name 76543210addrr/wres tr_ conf0 dis_ tr 0en_ fecv 0 l1sw 0 exlp ldd 30 h r/w 01 h tr_ conf1 00en_ sfsc 0011131 h r/w 07 h tr_ conf2 dis_ tx pds00000032 h r/w 80 h tr_sta rinf 0 fecv 0 fsyn 0 ld 33 h r00 h tr_cmd xinf dprio tddis pd lp_a 0 34 h r/w 08 h sqrr msyn mfen 0 0 sqr1 sqr2 sqr3 sqr4 35 h r40 h sqxr 0 mfen 0 0 sqx1 sqx2 sqx3 sqx4 35 h w4f h reserved 36 h -37 h istatr0xxxldricsqcsqw38 h r00 h masktr 0 1 1 1 ld ric sqc sqw 39 h r/w 7f h reserved 3a h - 3b h ista 0 st cic tin wov tran mos hdlc 3c h r01 h mask 0 st cic tin wov tran mos hdlc 3c h w7f h mode1 mclk 0 wtc1 wtc2 cfs rss2 rss1 3d h r/w 00 h mode2 0 0 0 0 0 dref amod ppsdx 3e h r/w 00 h id 0 0 design 3f h r0x h sres 0 0 res_ cpll res_ mon res_ hdlc res_ iom res_ tr res_ co 3f h w00 h psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 detailed register description data sheet 177 2001-03-12 iom handler (timeslot , data port selection, cda data and cda control register) name 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 addr r/wres cda10 controller data access register (ch10) 40 h r/w ff h cda11 controller data access register (ch11) 41 h r/w ff h cda20 controller data access register (ch20) 42 h r/w ff h cda21 controller data access register (ch21) 43 h r/w ff h cda_ tsdp10 dps 0 0 0 tss 44 h r/w 00 h cda_ tsdp11 dps 0 0 0 tss 45 h r/w 01 h cda_ tsdp20 dps 0 0 0 tss 46 h r/w 80 h cda_ tsdp21 dps 0 0 0 tss 47 h r/w 81 h co_ tsdp10 dps 0 0 0 tss 48 h r/w 80 h co_ tsdp11 dps 0 0 0 tss 49 h r/w 81 h co_ tsdp20 dps 0 0 0 tss 4a h r/w 81 h co_ tsdp21 dps 0 0 0 tss 4b h r/w 85 h tr_ tsdp_b1 dps 0 0 0 tss 4c h r/w 00 h tr_ tsdp_b2 dps 0 0 0 tss 4d h r/w 01 h psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 detailed register description data sheet 178 2001-03-12 name 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 addr r/wres cda1_ cr 00en_ tbm en_i1 en_i0 en_o1en_o0 swap 4e h r/w 00 h cda2_ cr 00en_ tbm en_i1 en_i0 en_o1en_o0 swap 4f h r/w 00 h iom handler (control registers, synchronous transfer interrupt control), monitor handler name76543210addrr/wres co_cr 0 0 0 0 en21 en20 en11 en10 50 h r/w 00 h tr_cr 0 0 en_ d en_ b2r en_ b1r en_ b2x en_ b1x 051 h r/w 3e h hci_cr dps_ ci1 en_ ci1 en_ d en_ b2h en_ b1h 00052 h r/w a0 h mon_cr dps en_ mon 0000 mcs 53 h r/w 40 h sds1_cr ens_ tss ens_ tss+1 ens_ tss+3 0tss54 h r/w 00 h sds2_cr ens_ tss ens_ tss+1 ens_ tss+3 0tss55 h r/w 00 h iom_cr spu 0 0 tic_ dis en_ bcl clkm dis_ od dis_ iom 56 h r/w 00 h mcda mcda21 mcda20 mcda11 mcda10 57 h rff h sti stov 21 stov 20 stov 11 stov 10 sti 21 sti 20 sti 11 sti 10 58 h r00 h asti 0000ack 21 ack 20 ack 11 ack 10 58 h w00 h msti stov 21 stov 20 stov 11 stov 10 sti 21 sti 20 sti 11 sti 10 59 h r/w ff h psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 detailed register description data sheet 179 2001-03-12 name76543210addrr/wres sds_ conf 000000sds2_ bcl sds1_ bcl 5a h r/w 00 h reserved 5b h mor monitor receive data 5c h rff h mox monitor transmit data 5c h wff h mosr mdr mer mda mab 0 0 0 0 5d h r00 h mocr mre mrc mie mxc 0 0 0 0 5e h r/w 00 h msta 00000mac0tout5f h r00 h mconf0000000tout5f h w00 h codec configuration registers name 76543210addrr/wres gcr sp agcx agcr mgcr cme pu att2r att1r 60 h r/w 00 h pfcr gx gr gz fx pgz fr dhpr dhpx 61 h r/w 00 h tgcr et dt etf pt seq tm sm sqtr 62 h r/w 00 h tgsr 0 trl 0 trr dtmf trx 0 0 63 h r/w 00 h acr 0 0 0 sem dhop dhon dlsp dlsn 64 h r/w 00 h atcr mic 0 cmas aimx 65 h r/w 00 h arcr hoc lsc 66 h r/w 00 h dfr df2r df2x df1r df1x 67 h r/w 00 h dssr dssr enx2 enx1 dss2x dss1x 68 h r/w 00 h xcr pgcr pgcx era 0 0 0 0 maar 69 h w00 h xsr pgcr pgcx era 0 0 0 spst 69 h r00 h momentary agc attenuation (if xcr.maar = ? 1 ? )69 h r00 h psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 detailed register description data sheet 180 2001-03-12 note: address 80 h -ff h belong to the coefficient ram (see chapter 4.8.3 and chapter 7.4.14 ) mask1r mask1 mp1 6a h r/w 00 h mask2r mask2 mp2 6b h r/w 00 h tfcr 0 0 altf dltf 6c h r/w 00 h reserved 6d h reserved 6e h ccr 0 0 dca sbp cbadr 6f h w00 h csr 0 0 dca bsyb cbadr 6f h r00 h name 76543210addrr/wres reserved 70 h - 7e h nop 111111117f h rff h psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 detailed register description data sheet 181 2001-03-12 7.1 hdlc control and c/i registers 7.1.1 rfifo - receive fifo a read access to any address within the range 00h-1fh gives access to the ? current ? fifo location selected by an internal pointer which is automatically incremented after each read access. this allows for the use of efficient ? move string ? type commands by the microcontroller. the rfifo contains up to 32 bytes of received data. after an istah.rpf interrupt, a complete data block is available. the block size can be 4, 8, 16, 32 bytes depending on the exmr.rfbs setting. after an istah.rme interrupt, the number of received bytes can be obtained by reading the rbcl register. 7.1.2 xfifo - transmit fifo a write access to any address within the range 00-1f h gives access to the ? current ? fifo location selected by an internal pointer which is automatically incremented after each write access. this allows the use of efficient ? move string ? type commands by the microcontroller. depending on exmr.xfbs up to 16 or 32 bytes of transmit data can be written to the xfifo following an istah.xpr interrupt. 70 rfifo receive data rd (00 h -1f h ) 70 xfifo transmit data wr (00 h -1f h ) psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 detailed register description data sheet 182 2001-03-12 7.1.3 istah - interrupt status register hdlc value after reset: 10 h rme ... receive message end one complete frame of length less than or equal to the defined block size (exmr.rfbs) or the last part of a frame of length greater than the defined block size has been received. the contents are available in the rfifo. the message length and additional information may be obtained from rbch and rbcl and the rsta register. rpf ... receive pool full a data block of a frame longer than the defined block size (exmr.rfbs) has been received and is available in the rfifo. the frame is not yet complete. rfo ... receive frame overflow the received data of a frame could not be stored, because the rfifo is occupied. the whole message is lost. this interrupt can be used for statistical purposes and indicates that the microcontroller does not respond quickly enough to an rpf or rme interrupt (istah). xpr ... transmit pool ready a data block of up to the defined block size (exmr.xfbs) can be written to the xfifo. an xpr interrupt will be generated in the following cases: after an xtf or xme command as soon as the 16 or 32 respectively bytes in the xfifo are available and the frame is not yet complete after an xtf together with an xme command is issued, when the whole frame has been transmitted xmr ... transmit message repeat the transmission of the last frame has to be repeated because a collision has been detected after the 16 th /32 th data byte of a transmit frame. xdu ... transmit data underrun the current transmission of a frame is aborted by transmitting seven ? 1 ? s because the xfifo holds no further data. this interrupt occurs whenever the microcontroller has failed to respond to an xpr interrupt (istah register) quickly enough, after having initiated a transmission and the message to be transmitted is not yet complete. 70 istah rme rpf rfo xpr xmr xdu 0 0 rd (20 h ) psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 detailed register description data sheet 183 2001-03-12 7.1.4 maskh - mask register hdlc value after reset: fc h each interrupt source in the istah register can be selectively masked by setting to ? 1 ? the corresponding bit in mask. masked interrupt status bits are not indicated when istah is read. instead, they remain internally stored and pending, until the mask bit is reset to ? 0 ? . 7.1.5 star - status register value after reset: 40 h xdov ... transmit data overflow more than 16/32 bytes have been written in one pool of the xfifo, i.e. data has been overwritten. xfw ... transmit fifo write enable data can be written in the xfifo. this bit may be polled instead of (or in addition to) using the xpr interrupt. raci ... receiver active indication the hdlc receiver is active when raci = ? 1 ? . this bit may be polled. the raci bit is set active after a begin flag has been received and is reset after receiving an abort sequence. xaci ... transmitter active indication the hdlc-transmitter is active when xaci = ? 1 ? . this bit may be polled. the xaci-bit is active when an xtf-command is issued and the frame has not been completely transmitted. 70 maskh rme rpf rfo xpr xmr xdu 0 0 wr (20 h ) 70 star xdov xfw 0 0 raci 0 xaci 0 rd (21 h ) psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 detailed register description data sheet 184 2001-03-12 7.1.6 cmdr - command register value after reset: 00 h rmc ... receive message complete reaction to rpf (receive pool full) or rme (receive message end) interrupt. by setting this bit, the microcontroller confirms that it has fetched the data, and indicates that the corresponding space in the rfifo may be released. rres ... receiver reset hdlc receiver is reset, the rfifo is cleared of any data. sti ... start timer the hardware timer is started when sti is set to one. the timer may be stopped by a write to the timr register. xtf ... transmit transparent frame after having written up to 16 or 32 bytes (exmr.xfbs) in the xfifo, the microcontroller initiates the transmission of a transparent frame by setting this bit to ? 1 ? . except in the extended transparent mode the opening flag is automatically added to the message. xme ... transmit message end by setting this bit to ? 1 ? the microcontroller indicates that the data block written last in the xfifo completes the corresponding frame. except in the extended transparent mode the transmission is terminated by appending the crc and the closing flag sequence to the data. xres ... transmitter reset hdlc transmitter is reset and the xfifo is cleared of any data. this command can be used by the microcontroller to abort a frame currently in transmission. note: after an xpr interrupt further data has to be written to the xfifo and the appropriate transmit command (xtf) has to be written to the cmdr register again to continue transmission, when the current frame is not yet complete (see also xpr in istah). during frame transmission, the 0-bit insertion according to the hdlc bit-stuffing mechanism is done automatically except in the extended mode. 70 cmdr rmc rres 0 sti xtf 0 xme xres wr (21 h ) psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 detailed register description data sheet 185 2001-03-12 7.1.7 modeh - mode register value after reset: c0 h mds2-0 ... mode select determines the message transfer mode of the hdlc controller, as follows: note: sap1, sap2: two programmable address values for the first received address byte (in the case of an address field longer than 1 byte); sapg = fixed value fc / fe h . tei1, tei2: two programmable address values for the second (or the only, in the case of a one-byte address) received address byte; teig = fixed value ff h two different methods of the high byte and/or low byte address comparison can be selected by setting sap1.mha and/or sap2.mla (see also description of these bits in chapter 7.1.10 or 7.1.12 respectively) 70 modeh mds2 mds1 mds0 0 rac dim2 dim1 dim0 rd/wr (22 h ) mds2-0 mode number of address bytes address comparison remark 1.byte 2.byte 0 0 0 reserved 0 0 1 reserved 0 1 0 non-auto mode 1tei1,tei2 ? one-byte address compare. 0 1 1 non-auto mode 2 sap1,sap2,sapg tei1,tei2,teig two-byte address compare. 1 0 0 extended transparent mode 1 1 0 transparent mode 0 ?? ? no address compare. all frames accepted. 1 1 1 transparent mode 1 > 1 sap1,sap2,sapg ? high-byte address compare. 1 0 1 transparent mode 2 > 1 ? tei1,tei2,teig low-byte address compare. psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 detailed register description data sheet 186 2001-03-12 rac ... receiver active the hdlc receiver is activated when this bit is set to ? 1 ? . if it is ? 0 ? the hdlc data is not evaluated in the receiver. dim2-0 ... digital interface modes these bits define the characteristics of the iom data ports (du, dd). the dim0 bit enables/disables the collision detection. the dim1 bit enables/disables the tic bus access. the effect of the individual dim bits is summarized in table 27 . 7.1.8 exmr- extended mode register value after reset: 00 h xfbs ? transmit fifo block size 0: block size for the transmit fifo data is 32 byte 1: block size for the transmit fifo data is 16 byte note: a change of xfbs will take effect after a transmitter command (cmdr.xme, cmdr.xres, cmdr.xtf) has been written table 27 iom ? -2 terminal modes dim2 dim1 dim0 characteristics 0x0 transparent d-channel, the collision detection is disabled 0x1 stop/go bit evaluated for d-channel access handling 00x last octet of iom channel 2 used for tic bus access 01x tic bus access is disabled 1xx reserved 70 exmr xfbs rfbs sra xcrc rcrc 0 itf rd/wr (23 h ) psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 detailed register description data sheet 187 2001-03-12 rfbs ? receive fifo block size note: a change of rfbs will take effect after a receiver command (cmdr.rmc, cmdr.rres,) has been written sra ? store receive address 0: receive address is not stored in the rfifo 1: receive address is stored in the rfifo xcrc ? transmit crc 0: crc is transmitted 1: crc is not transmitted rcrc ? receive crc 0: crc is not stored in the rfifo 1: crc is stored in the rfifo itf ? interframe time fill selects the inter-frame time fill signal which is transmitted between hdlc-frames. 0: idle (continuous ? 1 ? ) 1: flags (sequence of patterns: ? 0111 1110 ? ) note: itf must be set to ? 0 ? for power down mode. in applications with d-channel access handling (collision resolution), the only possible inter-frame time fill is idle (continuous ? 1 ? ) . otherwise the d-channel on the line interface can not be accessed rfbs bit6 rfbs bit5 block size receive fifo 0 0 32 byte 0 1 16 byte 1 0 8 byte 1 1 4 byte psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 detailed register description data sheet 188 2001-03-12 7.1.9 timr - timer register value after reset: 00 h cnt ... cnt together with value determine the time period t2 after which a tin interrupt will be generated in the normal case: t = cnt x 2.048 sec + t1 with t1 = ( value+1 ) x 0.064 sec the timer can be started by setting the sti-bit in cmdr and will be stopped when a tin interrupt is generated or the timr register is written. note: if cnt is set to 7, a tin interrupt is indefinitely generated after every expiration of t1. value ... determines the time period t1 t1 = ( value + 1 ) x 0.064 sec 7.1.10 sap1 - sapi1 register value after reset: fc h sapi1 ... sapi1 value value of the first programmable service access point identifier (sapi) according to the isdn lapd protocol. mha ... mask high address 0: the sapi address of an incoming frame is compared with sap1, sap2, sapg 1: the sapi address of an incoming frame is compared with sap1 and sapg. sap1 can be masked with sap2 thereby bit positions of sap1 are not compared if they are set to ? 1 ? in sap2. 754 0 timr cnt value rd/wr (24 h ) 70 sap1 sapi1 0 mha wr (25 h ) psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 detailed register description data sheet 189 2001-03-12 7.1.11 rbcl - receive frame byte count low value after reset: 00 h rbc7-0 ... receive byte count eight least significant bits of the total number of bytes in a received message. 7.1.12 sap2 - sapi2 register value after reset: fc h sapi2 ... sapi2 value value of the second programmable service access point identifier (sapi) according to the isdn lapd-protocol. mla ... mask low address 0: the tei address of an incoming frame is compared with tei1, tei2, teig 1: the tei address of an incoming frame is compared with tei1 and teig. tei1 can be masked with tei2 thereby bit positions of tei1 are not compared if they are set to ? 1 ? in tei2 7.1.13 rbch - receive frame byte count high value after reset: 00 h . ov ... overflow a ? 1 ? in this bit position indicates a message longer than (2 12 - 1) = 4095 bytes . 70 rbcl rbc7 rbc0 rd (26 h ) 70 sap2 sapi2 0 mla wr (26 h ) 70 rbch 0 0 0 ov rbc11 rbc8 rd (27 h ) psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 detailed register description data sheet 190 2001-03-12 rbc11-8 ... receive byte count four most significant bits of the total number of bytes in a received message. note: normally rbch and rbcl should be read by the microcontroller after an rme- interrupt in order to determine the number of bytes to be read from the rfifo, and the total message length. the contents of the registers are valid only after an rme or rpf interrupt, and remain so until the frame is acknowledged via the rmc bit or rres. 7.1.14 tei1 - tei1 register 1 value after reset: ff h tei1 ... terminal endpoint identifier in all message transfer modes except in transparent modes 0, 1 and extended transparent mode, tei1 is used for address recognition. in the case of a two-byte address field, it contains the value of the first programmable terminal endpoint identifier according to the isdn lapd-protocol. in non-auto-modes with one-byte address field, tei1 is a command address, according to x.25 lapb. ea ... address field extension bit this bit is set to ? 1 ? according to hdlc/lapd. 70 tei1 tei1 ea wr (27 h ) psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 detailed register description data sheet 191 2001-03-12 7.1.15 rsta - receive status register value after reset: 0e h vfr ... valid frame determines whether a valid frame has been received. the frame is valid (1) or invalid (0). a frame is invalid when there is not a multiple of 8 bits between flag and frame end (flag, abort). rdo ... receive data overflow if rdo=1, at least one byte of the frame has been lost, because it could not be stored in rfifo. crc ... crc check the crc is correct (1) or incorrect (0). rab ... receive message aborted the receive message was aborted by the remote station (1), i.e. a sequence of seven 1 ? s was detected before a closing flag. sa1-0 ... sapi address identification ta ... tei address identification sa1-0 are significant in non-auto-mode with a two-byte address field, as well as in transparent mode 3. ta is significant in all modes except in transparent modes 0 and 1. two programmable sapi values (sap1, sap2) plus a fixed group sapi (sapg of value fc/fe h ), and two programmable tei values (tei1, tei2) plus a fixed group tei (teig of value ff h ), are available for address comparison. the result of the address comparison is given by sa1-0 and ta, as follows: c/r ... command/response the c/r bit contains the c/r bit of the received frame (bit1 in the sapi address) note: the contents of rsta corresponds to the last received hdlc frame; it is duplicated into rfifo for every frame (last byte of frame) note: if sap1 and sap2 contains identical values, the combination 001 will be omitted. 70 rsta vfr rdo crc rab sa1 sa0 c/r ta rd (28 h ) psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 detailed register description data sheet 192 2001-03-12 7.1.16 tei2 - tei2 register value after reset: ff h tei2 ... terminal endpoint identifier in all message transfer modes except in transparent modes 0, 1 and extended transparent mode, tei2 is used for address recognition. in the case of a two-byte address field, it contains the value of the second programmable terminal endpoint identifier according of the isdn lapd-protocol. in non-auto-modes with one-byte address field, tei2 is a response address, according to x.25 lapd. ea ... address field extension bit this bit is to be set to ? 1 ? according to hdlc/lapd. address match with sa1 sa0 ta 1 st byte 2 nd byte number of address bytes = 1 x x x x 0 1 tei2 tei1 - - number of address bytes=2 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 x sap2 sap2 sapg sapg sap1 sap1 teig tei2 teig tei1 or tei2 teig tei1 70 tei2 tei2 ea wr (28 h ) reserved psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 detailed register description data sheet 193 2001-03-12 7.1.17 tmh -test mode register hdlc value after reset: 00 h tlp ... test loop the tx path of layer-2 is internally connected with the rx path of layer-2. data coming from the layer 1 controller will not be forwarded to the layer 2 controller (see chapter 3.7 ). bit 7:1 have always be programmed to ? 0 ? . 70 tmh 0000000tlprd/wr (29 h ) psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 detailed register description data sheet 194 2001-03-12 7.1.18 cir0 - command/indication receive 0 value after reset: f3 h codr0 ... c/i code 0 receive value of the received command/indication code. a c/i-code is loaded in codr0 only after being the same in two consecutive iom-frames and the previous code has been read from cir0. cic0 ... c/i code 0 change a change in the received command/indication code has been recognized. this bit is set only when a new code is detected in two consecutive iom-frames. it is reset by a read of cir0. cic1 ... c/i code 1 change a change in the received command/indication code in iom-channel 1 has been recognized. this bit is set when a new code is detected in one iom-frame. it is reset by a read of cir0. s/g ... stop/go bit monitoring indicates the availability of the d-channel on the line interface. 1: stop 0: go bas ... bus access status indicates the state of the tic-bus: 0: the scout itself occupies the d- and c/i-channel 1: another device occupies the d- and c/i-channel note: the codr0 bits are updated every time a new c/i-code is detected in two consecutive iom-frames. if several consecutive valid new codes are detected and cir0 is not read, only the first and the last c/i code is made available in cir0 at the first and second read of that register, respectively. 70 cir0 codr0 cic0 cic1 s/g bas rd (2e h ) ar8 ar10 arl di res tim tm1 tm2 1000 1001 1010 1111 0001 0000 0010 0011 psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 detailed register description data sheet 195 2001-03-12 7.1.19 cix0 - command/indication transmit 0 value after reset: fe h codx0 ... c/i-code 0 transmit code to be transmitted in the c/i-channel 0. tba2-0 ... tic bus address defines the individual address for the scout on the iom bus. this address is used to access the c/i- and d-channel on the iom interface. note: if only one device is liable to transmit in the c/i- and d-channels of the iom it should always be given the address value ? 7 ? . bac ... bus access control only valid if the tic-bus feature is enabled (mode:dim2-0). if this bit is set, the scout will try to access the tic-bus to occupy the c/i-channel even if no d-channel frame has to be transmitted. it should be reset when the access has been completed to grant a similar access to other devices transmitting in that iom-channel. note: if the tic-bus address (tba2-0) is programmed to ? 7 ? and is not blocked by another device the scout writes its c/i0 code to iom continuously. 7.1.20 cir1 - command/indication receive 1 value after reset: fc h codr1 ... c/i-code 1 receive value of the received command/indication code. 70 cix0 codx0 tba2 tba1 tba0 bac wr (2e h ) dr dr6 res tm1 tm2 rsy pu 0000 0101 0001 0010 0011 0100 0111 ar arl cvr ail ai8 ai10 dc 1000 1010 1011 1110 1100 1101 1111 70 cir1 codr1 0 0 rd (2f h ) psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 detailed register description data sheet 196 2001-03-12 7.1.21 cix1 - command/indication transmit 1 value after reset: fe h codx1 ... c/i-code 1 transmit bits 7-2 of c/i-channel 1 cicw ... c/i-channel width cicw selects between a 4 bit ( ? 0 ? ) and 6 bit ( ? 1 ? ) c/i1 channel width ci1e ... c/i-channel 1 interrupt enable interrupt generation ista.cic of cir0.cic1 is enabled (1) or masked (0). 70 cix1 codx1 cicw ci1e wr (2f h ) psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 detailed register description data sheet 197 2001-03-12 7.2 transceiver, interrupt and general configuration registers 7.2.1 tr_conf0 - transceiver configuration register value after reset: 01 h dis_tr ... disable transceiver 0: all layer-1 functions are enabled 1: all layer-1 functions are disabled. all other functional blocks of the scout can still operate via iom-2. dcl and fsc pins become input en_fecv ... enable far-end-code-violation 0: normal operation 1: far-end-code-violation (fecv) function according to ansi t1.605 enabled. the receipt of at least one illegal code violation within one multi-frame is indicated by the c/i indication ? 1011 ? (cvr) in two consecutive iom frames l1sw ... enable layer 1 state machine in software 0: layer-1 statemachine of the scout is used 1: layer-1 statemachine is disabled. the functionality can be realized in software. the commands can be written into the register tr_cmd and the status read from the register tr_sta exlp ... external loop if the local loop is activated with the c/i command arl or with the lp_a bit of the tr_cmd register the loop is an 0: internal loop next to the line pins 1: external loop which has to be closed between sr1/2 and sx1/2 note: the external loop is only useful if bit dis_tx of register tr_conf2 is set to ? 0 ? . 70 tr_ conf0 dis_ tr 0en_ fecv 0 l1sw 0 exlp ldd rd/wr (30 h ) psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 detailed register description data sheet 198 2001-03-12 ldd ... level detection discard 0: clock generation after detection of any signal on the line in the power down state 1: no clock generation after detection of any signal on the line in the power down state if bit cfs of register mode1 is set to ? 1 ? note: if an interrupt is generated by the internal level detect circuitry, the microcontroller has to set this bit to ? 0 ? for an activation of the line interface. 7.2.2 tr_conf1 - receiver configuration register value after reset: 07 h en_sfsc ... enable short fsc 0: no short fsc is generated 1: a short fsc with a pulse length of 1 dcl is generated once per multi-frame (each 7.2.3 tr_conf2 - transmitter configuration register value after reset: 80 h dis_tx ... disable line driver the transmitter of the transceiver can be disabled or enabled by setting dis_tx. this can be used to make the internal loop_a transparent (dis_tx = ? 0 ? ) or not (dis_tx = ? 1 ? ) (see chapter 2.3.10.1 ). 0: transmitter is enabled 1: transmitter is disabled pds ... phase deviation selection defines the phase deviation of the transmitter (see chapter 2.3.5 ) 0: the phase deviation is two s-bits - 2 oscillator periods plus analog delay plus delay of the external circuitry 1: the phase deviation is two s-bits - 4 oscillator periods plus analog delay plus delay of the external circuitry 70 tr_ conf1 00en_ sfsc 00111rd/wr (31 h ) 70 tr_ conf2 dis_ tx pds0 0000rd/wr (32 h ) psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 detailed register description data sheet 199 2001-03-12 7.2.4 tr_sta - transceiver status register value after reset: 00 h rinf ... receiver info 00: received info 0 01: received any signal except info 2 or info 4 10: received info 2 11: received info 4 fecv ... far-end-code-violation 0: no illegal code violation detected 1: an illegal code violation according to ansi t1.605 (far-end-code-violation) was detected fsyn ... frame synchronization state 0: the s/t receiver has not yet synchronized or has lost synchronization 1: the s/t receiver has synchronized ld ... level detected 0: no receive signal has been detected on the line 1: any receive signal has been detected on the line 70 tr_ sta rinf 0 fecv 0 fsyn 0 ld rd (33 h ) psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 detailed register description data sheet 200 2001-03-12 7.2.5 tr_cmd - transceiver command register value after reset: 08 h normally the signals in this register are generated by the layer-1 statemachine. if the internal layer-1 statemachine is disabled (bit l1sw in tr_conf = ? 1 ? ) this register can be written by the microcontroller. xinf ... transmit info 000: transmit info 0 001: reserved 010: transmit info 1 011: transmit info 3 100: send continuos pulses (test mode 2, frequency of the fundamental mode is 96 khz) 101: send single pulses (test mode 1, frequency of the fundamental mode is 2 khz) 11x: reserved dprio ... d channel priority 0: priority 8 for d-channel handling 1: priority 10 for d-channel handling tddis ...transmit data disable 0: the b- and d-channel data is transmitted transparently to the s/t interface if info 3 is being transmitted 1: logical ? 1 ? s are transmitted to the s/t interface in the b- and d-channel data if info 3 is being transmitted pd ... power down 0: transceiver in operational mode 1: transceiver in power down mode. from the analog part only the level detector is active. additionally no clocks are provided and the complete digital part of the transceiver is inactive if the cfs bit (see chapter 7.2.12 ) is set to ? 1 ? 70 tr_ cmd xinf dprio tddis pd lp_a 0 rd/wr (34 h ) psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 detailed register description data sheet 201 2001-03-12 lp_a ... loop analog the setting of this bit corresponds to the c/i command arl. 0: analog loop is open 1: analog loop is closed internally or externally according to the exlp bit of the tr_conf0 register 7.2.6 sqrr- s/q-channel receive register value after reset: 40 h msyn ... multi-frame synchronization state 0: the s/t receiver has not yet synchronized to the multi-frame (see chapter 2.3.3 ) 1: the s/t receiver has synchronized to the multi-frame mfen ... multi-frame enable read-back of the mfen bit of register sqxr sqr1-4 ... received s bits received s bits of frames 1, 6, 11 and 16 of the multi-frame (see chapter 2.3.3 ) 7.2.7 sqxr- s/q-channel transmit register value after reset: 4f h mfen ... multi-frame enable used to enable multi-framing (see chapter 2.3.3 ) 0: s/t multi-framing is disabled 1: s/t multi-framing is enabled sqx1-4 ... q bits to be transmitted q bits to be transmitted at f a bit position of frames 1, 6, 11 and 16 of the multi-frame (see chapter 2.3.3 ) 70 sqrr msyn mfen 0 0 sqr1 sqr2 sqr3 sqr4 rd (35 h ) 70 sqxr 0 mfen 0 0 sqx1 sqx2 sqx3 sqx4 wr (35 h ) psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 detailed register description data sheet 202 2001-03-12 7.2.8 istatr - interrupt status register transceiver value after reset: 00 h for all interrupts in the istatr register following logical states are defined: 0: interrupt is not activated 1: interrupt is activated x ... reserved ld ... level detection any receive signal has been detected on the line. this bit is active as long as any receive signal is detected on the line ric ... receiver info change any bit of register tr_sta has changed. this bit is reset by reading this register sqc ... s/q channel change a change in the received 4-bit s-channel (contents of one multi-frame, see chapter 2.3.3 ) has been detected. the new code can be read out from the sqrx bits of register sqrr within the next 18 s-frames (4.5 ms). this bit is reset by a read access to the sqrr register sqw ... s/q channel writable the s/q channel data for the next multi-frame is writable (see chapter 2.3.3 ). the register for the q (s) bits to be transmitted (having received) has to be written (read) within the next 18 multi-frames (4.5 ms). this bit is reset by writing register sqxr 70 istatr0xxxldricsqcsqwrd (38 h ) psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 detailed register description data sheet 203 2001-03-12 7.2.9 masktr - mask transceiver interrupt value after reset: 7f h 0: the corresponding transceiver interrupt is enabled 1: the corresponding transceiver interrupt is disabled 70 masktr 0 1 1 1 ld ric sqc sqw rd/wr (39 h ) psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 detailed register description data sheet 204 2001-03-12 7.2.10 ista - interrupt status register value after reset: 01 h for all interrupts in the ista register following logical states are applied: 0: interrupt is not activated 1: interrupt is activated st ... synchronous transfer when programmed (sti register), this interrupt is generated to enable the microcontroller to lock on to the iom timing, for synchronous transfers. cic ... c/i channel change a change in c/i channel 0 or c/i channel 1 has been recognized. the actual value can be read from cir0 or cir1. tin ... timer interrupt the internal timer and repeat counter has expired (see timr register). wov ... watchdog timer overflow used only if terminal specific functions are enabled (mode.tsf=1). signals the expiration of the watchdog timer, which means that the microcontroller has failed to set the watchdog timer control bits wtc1 and wtc2 (adf1 register) in the correct manner. a reset pulse has been generated by the scout. tran ... transceiver interrupt an interrupt originated in the transceiver interrupt status register (istatr) has been recognized. mos ... monitor status a change in the monitor status register (mosr) has occurred. hdlc ... hdlc interrupt an interrupt originated in the hdlc interrupt sources has been recognized. note: a read of the ista register clears only the tin and wov interrupts. the other interrupts are cleared by reading the corresponding status register 70 ista 0 st cic tin wov tran mos hdlc rd (3c h ) psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 detailed register description data sheet 205 2001-03-12 7.2.11 mask - mask register value after reset: 7f h for the mask register following logical states are applied: 0: interrupt is not masked 1: interrupt is masked each interrupt source in the ista register can be selectively masked by setting to ? 1 ? the corresponding bit in mask. masked interrupt status bits are not indicated when ista is read. instead, they remain internally stored and pending, until the mask bit is reset to ? 0 ? . note: in the event of a c/i channel change, cic is set in ista even if the corresponding mask bit in mask is active, but no interrupt is generated. 7.2.12 mode1 - mode1 register value after reset: 00 h mclk ... master clock frequency the master clock frequency bits control the microcontroller clock output corresponding to the following table. 70 mask 0 st cic tin wov tran mos hdlc wr (3c h ) 70 mode1 mclk 0 wtc1 wtc2 cfs rss2 rss1 rd/wr (3d h ) bit 7 bit 6 mclk frequency with mode1.cds = ? 0 ? 0 0 3.84 mhz 0 1 0.96 mhz 1 0 7.68 mhz 1 1 disabled psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 detailed register description data sheet 206 2001-03-12 wtc1, 2 ... watchdog timer control 1, 2 if the watchdog timer is enabled (rss = ? 11 ? ) the microcontroller has to program the wtc1 and wtc2 bit within each time period of 128 ms in the following sequence: (see chapter 6.1 ). cfs ... configuration select this bit determines clock relations and recovery on the line and iom interfaces 0: the iom interface clock and frame signals are always active, "power down" state included. the states "power down" and "power up" are thus functionally identical except for the indication: pd = 1111 and pu = 0111. with the c/i command timing (tim) the microcontroller can enforce the "power up" state. with c/i command deactivation indication (di) the "power down" state is reached again. it is also possible to activate the line interface directly with the c/i command activate request (ar) without the tim command. 1: the iom interface clock and frame signals are normally inactive ("power down"). for activating the iom-2 clocks the "power up" state can be induced by software (spu-bit in spcr register) or by resetting again cfs. after that the line interface can be activated with the c/i command activate request (ar ). the "power down" state can be reached again with the c/i command deactivation indication (di). note:after reset the iom interface is always active. to reach the "power down" state the cfs-bit has to be set. wtc1 wtc2 1. 2. 1 0 0 1 psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 detailed register description data sheet 207 2001-03-12 .rss2, rss1 ... reset source selection 2,1 the reset sources and the sds2 functionality for the rsto /sds2 output pin can be selected according to the table below. for rss = ? 00 ? no reset is generated at pin rsto /sds2. for rss = ? 01 ? a serial data strobe is output at pin rsto /sds2 (see chapter 2.2.3 ). for rss = ? 10 ? an external awake or a change in the downstream c/i0 channel generates a reset of 125 s t 250 s pulse length at the pin rsto (see chapter 6.1 ). for rss = ? 11 ? the watchdog function is enabled (see chapter 6.1 ). a hardware reset is always output at pin rsto /sds2. after a reset pulse and the corresponding interrupt (wov or cic) have been generated by the scout the actual reset source can be read from the ista. rss2 bit 1 rss1 bit 0 c/i code change eaw watchdog timer sds2 functionality 0 0 -- -- -- -- 0 1 -- -- -- x 10 xx -- -- 1 1 -- -- x -- psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 detailed register description data sheet 208 2001-03-12 7.2.13 mode2 - mode2 register value after reset: 00 h dref ... disable references 0: reference voltages and currents are enabled. 1: reference voltages and currents are disabled. amod ... address mode selection between direct and indirect register access of the parallel microcontroller interface. 0: indirect address mode is selected. the address line a0 is used to select between address (a0 = ? 0 ? ) and data (a0 = ? 1 ? ) register 1: direct address mode is selected. the address is applied to the address bus (a0-a7) ppsdx ... push/pull output for sdx 0: the sdx pin has open drain characteristic 1: the sdx pin has push/pull characteristic 7.2.14 id - identification register value after reset: 0x h design ... design number the design number (design) allows to identify different hardware designs of the scout by software. 000000: scout-s v1.3 psb 21381/2 000001: scout-sx v1.3 psb 21383/4 70 mode200000drefamod ppsdx rd/wr (3e h ) 70 id 0 0 design rd (3f h ) psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 detailed register description data sheet 209 2001-03-12 7.2.15 sres - software reset register value after reset: 00 h res_xx ... reset_xx 0: deactivates the reset of the functional block xx 1: activates the reset of the functional block xx the reset state is activated as long as the bit is set to ? 1 ? meaning of xx: cpll: codec pll mon: monitorhandler hdlc: hdlc controller, iom: iom handler, tr: transceiver, co: codec 7.3 iom-2 and monitor handler 7.3.1 cdaxy - controller data access register xy value after reset: see table below data register cdaxy which can be accessed from the controller. 70 sres 0 0 res_ cpll res_ mon res_ hdlc res_ iom res_ tr res_ co wr (3f h ) 70 cdaxy controller data access register rd/wr (40 h -43 h ) register value after reset register address cda10 ff h 40 h cda11 ff h 41 h cda20 ff h 42 h cda21 ff h 43 h psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 detailed register description data sheet 210 2001-03-12 7.3.2 xxx_tsdpxy - time slot and data port selection for chxy value after reset: see table below this register determines the time slots and the data ports on the iom-2 interface for the data channels xy of the functional units xxx (controller data access (cda), codec (co) and transceiver (tr)). dps ... data port selection 0: the data channel xy of the functional unit xxx is output on dd. the data channel xy of the functional unit xxx is input from du. 1: the data channel xy of the functional unit xxx is output on du. the data channel xy of the functional unit xxx is input from dd. note: for the cda (controller data access) data the input is determined by the cda_crx.swap bit. if swap = ? 0 ? the input for the cdaxy data is vice versa to the output setting for cdaxy. if the swap = ? 1 ? the input from cdax0 is vice versa to the output setting of cdax1 and the input from cdax1 is vice versa to the output setting of cdax0. see controller data access description in chapter 2.2.2.1 70 xxx_ tsdpxy dps 0 0 0 tss rd/wr (44 h -4d h ) register value after reset register address cda_tsdp10 00 h ( = output on b1-dd) 44 h cda_tsdp11 01 h ( = output on b2-dd) 45 h cda_tsdp20 80 h ( = output on b1-du) 46 h cda_tsdp21 81 h ( = output on b2-du) 47 h co_tsdp10 80 h ( = output on b1-du) 48 h co_tsdp11 81 h ( = output on b2-du) 49 h co_tsdp20 81 h ( = output on b2-du) 4a h co_tsdp21 85 h ( = output on ic2-du) 4b h tr_tsdp_b1 00 h ( = output on b1-dd) 4c h tr_tsdp_b2 01 h ( = output on b2-dd) 4d h psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 detailed register description data sheet 211 2001-03-12 tss ... timeslot selection selects one of the 12 timeslots from 0...11 on the iom-2 interface for the data channels. 7.3.3 cdax_cr - control register controller data access ch1x value after reset: see table below en_tbm ... enable tic bus monitoring 0: the tic bus monitoring is disabled 1: the tic bus monitoring with the cdax0 register is enabled. the tsdpx0 register must be set to 08 h for monitoring from du or 88 h for monitoring from dd respectively. en_i1, en_i0 ... enable input cdax0, cdax1 0: the input of the cdax0, cdax1 register is disabled 1: the input of the cdax0, cdax1 register is enabled en_o1, en_o0 ... enable output cdax0, cdax1 0: the output of the cdax0, cdax1 register is disabled 1: the output of the cdax0, cdax1 register is enabled swap ... swap inputs 0: the time slot and data port for the input of the cdaxy register is defined by its own tsdpxy register. the data port for the cdaxy input is vice versa to the output setting for cdaxy. 1: the input (time slot and data port) of the cdax0 is defined by the tsdp register of cdax1 and the input of cdax1 is defined by the tsdp register of cdax0. the data port for the cdax0 input is vice versa to the output setting for cdax1. the data port for the cdax1 input is vice versa to the output setting for cdax0. the input definition for time slot and data port cdax0 are thus swapped to cdax1 and for cdax1 to cdax0. the outputs are not affected by the swap bit. 70 cdax_ cr 00en_ tbm en_i1 en_i0 en_o1 en_o0 swap rd/wr (4e h -4f h ) register value after reset register address cda1_cr 00 h 4e h cda2_cr 00 h 4f h psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 detailed register description data sheet 212 2001-03-12 7.3.4 co_cr - control register codec data value after reset: 00 h en21 ... enable codec channel 21 en20 ... enable codec channel 20 en11 ... enable codec channel 11 en10 ... enable codec channel 10 0: the codec data channel xy is disabled 1: the codec data channel xy is enabled 7.3.5 tr_cr - control register transceiver data value after reset: 3e h en_d ... enable d-channel data en_b2r ... enable b2 data received from iom en_b1r ... enable b1 data received from iom en_b2x ... enable b2 data to be transmitted to iom en_b1x ... enable b1 data to be transmitted to iom 0: the transceiver data _xxx is disabled 1: the transceiver data _xxx is enabled 70 co_cr0000en 21 en 20 en 11 en 10 rd/wr (50 h ) 70 tr_cr 0 0 en_ d en_ b2r en_ b1r en_ b2x en_ b1x 0rd/wr (51 h ) psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 detailed register description data sheet 213 2001-03-12 7.3.6 hci_cr - control register for hdlc and ci1 data value after reset: a0 h dps_ci1 ... data port selection ci1 data 0: the ci1 data is output on dd and input from du 1: the ci1 data is output on du and input from dd en_ci1 ... enable ci1 data en_d ... enable d-channel data en_b2h ... enable hdlc b2 data en_b1h ... enable hdlc b1 data 0: the hdlc (d, b1, b2) and ci1 data is disabled 1: the hdlc (d, b1, b2) and ci1 data is enabled 7.3.7 mon_cr - control register monitor data value after reset: 40 h dps ... data port selection 0: the monitor data is output on dd and input from du 1: the monitor data is output on du and input from dd en_mon ... enable output 0: the monitor data input and output is disabled 1: the monitor data input and output is enabled mcs ... monitor channel selection 00: the monitor data is output on mon0 01: the monitor data is output on mon1 10: the monitor data is output on mon2 11: not defined 70 hci_cr dps_ ci1 en_ ci1 en_ d en_ b2h en_ b1h 000rd/wr (52 h ) 70 mon_cr dps en_ mon 0000 mcsrd/wr (53 h ) psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 detailed register description data sheet 214 2001-03-12 7.3.8 sdsx_cr - control register serial data strobe x value after reset: 00 h note: the sds2_cr register is only applicable if a serial data strobe functionality is selected (mode1.rss = ? 01 ? ) for the pin rsto /sds2 ens_tss ... enable serial data strobe of timeslot ts ens_tss+1 ... enable serial data strobe of timeslot ts+1 0: the serial data strobe or bit clock on sdsx for ts, ts+1 is disabled 1: the serial data strobe or bit clock on sdsx for ts, ts+1 is enabled ens_tss+3 ... enable serial data strobe of timeslot ts+3 (d-channel) 0: the serial data strobe or bit clock on sdsx for the d-channel (bit7, 6) of ts+3 is disabled 1: the serial data strobe or bit clock on sdsx for the d-channel (bit7, 6) of ts+3 is enabled tss ... timeslot selection selects one of 12 timeslots on the iom-2 interface (with respect to fsc) during which sdsx is active. the data strobe signal allows standard data devices to access a programmable channel. 70 sdsx_cr ens_ tss ens_ tss+1 ens_ tss+3 0tss rd/wr (54 h -55 h ) register value after reset register address sds1_cr 00 h 54 h sds2_cr 00 h 55f h psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 detailed register description data sheet 215 2001-03-12 7.3.9 iom_cr - control register iom data value after reset: 00 h spu ... software power up 0: the du line is normally used for transmitting data 1: setting this bit to ? 1 ? will pull the du line to low. this will enforce connected layer 1 devices to deliver iom-clocking. after a subsequent cic-interrupt (c/i-code change; ista) and reception of the c/i-code ? pu ? (power up indication in te-mode) the microcontroller writes an ar or tim command as c/i-code in the cix0-register, resets the spu bit and wait for the following cic-interrupt. tic_dis ... tic bus disable 0: the last octet of the last iom time slot (ts 11) is used as tic bus 1: the tic bus is disabled. the last octet of the last iom time slot (ts 11) can be used as every time slot. en_bcl ... enable bit clock bcl 0: the bcl clock is disabled 1: the bcl clock is enabled clkm ... clock mode if the transceiver is disabled (dis_tr = ? 1 ? ) the dcl from the iom-2 interface is an input. with 0: a double clock per bit is expected 1: a single clock per bit is expected dis_od ... open drain 0: iom outputs are open drain driver 1: iom outputs are push pull driver 70 iom_cr spu 0 0 tic_ dis en_ bcl clkm dis_ od dis_ iom rd/wr (56 h ) psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 detailed register description data sheet 216 2001-03-12 dis_iom ... disable iom dis_iom should be set to ? 1 ? if external devices connected to the iom interface should be ? disconnected ? e.g. for power saving purposes or for not disturbing the internal iom connection between layer 1 and layer 2. however, the scout internal operation between transceiver, b-channel and d-channel controller is independent of the dis_iom bit. 0: the iom interface is enabled 1: the iom interface is disabled (high impedance) 7.3.10 mcda - monitoring cda bits value after reset: ff h mcdaxy ... monitoring cdaxy bits bit 7 and bit 6 of the cdaxy registers are mapped into the mcda register. this can be used for monitoring the d-channel bits on du and dd and the ? echo bits ? on the tic bus with the same register 70 mcda mcda21 mcda20 mcda11 mcda10 rd (57 h ) bit7 bit6 bit7 bit6 bit7 bit6 bit7 bit6 psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 detailed register description data sheet 217 2001-03-12 7.3.11 sti - synchronous transfer interrupt value after reset: 00 h for all interrupts in the sti register following logical states are applied: 0: interrupt is not activated 1: interrupt is activated stovxy ... synchronous transfer overflow interrupt enabled stov interrupts for a certain stixy interrupt are generated when the stixy has not been acknowledged in time via the ackxy bit in the asti register. this must be one (for dps= ? 0 ? ) or zero (for dps= ? 1 ? ) bcl clocks before the time slot which is selected for the stov. stixy ... synchronous transfer interrupt depending on the dps bit in the corresponding tsdpxy register the synchronous transfer interrupt stixy is generated two (for dps= ? 0 ? ) or one (for dps= ? 1 ? ) bcl clock after the selected time slot (tsdpxy.tss). note: st0vxy and ackxy are useful for synchronizing microcontroller accesses and receive/transmit operations. one bcl clock is equivalent to two dcl clocks. 70 sti stov 21 stov 20 stov 11 stov 10 sti 21 sti 20 sti 11 sti 10 rd (58 h ) psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 detailed register description data sheet 218 2001-03-12 7.3.12 asti - acknowledge synchronous transfer interrupt value after reset: 00 h ackxy ... acknowledge synchronous transfer interrupt after a stixy interrupt the microcontroller has to acknowledge the interrupt by setting the corresponding ackxy bit. 0: no activity is initiated 1: sets the acknowledge bit ackxy for a stixy interrupt 7.3.13 msti - mask synchronous transfer interrupt value after reset: ff h for the msti register following logical states are applied: 0: interrupt is not masked 1: interrupt is masked stovxy ... synchronous transfer overflow for stixy by masking the stov bits the number and time of the stov interrupts for a certain enabled stixy interrupt can be controlled. for an enabled stixy the own stovxy is generated when the stovxy is enabled (msti.stixy and msti.stovxy = ? 0 ? ). additionally all other stov interrupts of which the corresponding sti is disabled (msti.sti = ? 1 ? and msti.stov = ? 0 ? ) are generated. stixy ... synchronous transfer interrupt xy the stixy interrupts can be masked by setting the corresponding mask bit to ? 1 ? . for a masked stixy no stov interrupt is generated. 70 asti 0000ack 21 ack 20 ack 11 ack 10 wr (58 h ) 70 msti stov 21 stov 20 stov 11 stov 10 sti 21 sti 20 sti 11 sti 10 rd/wr (59 h ) psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 detailed register description data sheet 219 2001-03-12 7.3.14 sds_conf - configuration register for serial data strobes value after reset: 00 h sdsx_bcl ... enable iom bit clock for sdsx 0: the serial data strobe is generated in the programmed timeslot (see chapter 7.3.8 ). 1: the iom bit clock is generated in the programmed timeslot (see chapter 7.3.8 and 2.2.3 ). 7.3.15 mor - monitor receive channel value after reset: 00 h contains the monitor data received in the iom-2 monitor channel according to the monitor channel protocol. the monitor channel (0,1,2) can be selected by setting the monitor channel select bit mon_cr.mcs. 7.3.16 mox - monitor transmit channel value after reset: ff h contains the monitor data to be transmitted in iom-2 monitor channel according to the monitor channel protocol.the monitor channel (0,1,2) can be selected by setting the monitor channel select bit mon_cr.mcs 70 sds_ conf 000000sds2_ bcl sds1_ bcl rd/wr (5a h ) 70 mor rd (5c h ) 70 mox wr (5c h ) psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 detailed register description data sheet 220 2001-03-12 7.3.17 mosr - monitor interrupt status register value after reset: 00 h mdr ... monitor channel data received mer ... monitor channel end of reception mda ... monitor channel data acknowledged the remote end has acknowledged the monitor byte being transmitted. mab ... monitor channel data abort 70 mosr mdr mer mda mab 0 0 0 0 rd (5d h ) psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 detailed register description data sheet 221 2001-03-12 7.3.18 mocr - monitor control register value after reset: 00 h mre ... monitor receive interrupt enable 0: monitor interrupt status mdr generation is masked 1: monitor interrupt status mdr generation is enabled mrc ... mr bit control: determines the value of the mr bit: 0: mr is always ? 1 ? . in addition, the mdr interrupt is blocked, except for the first byte of a packet (if mre = 1). 1: mr is internally controlled according to the monitor channel protocol. in addition, the mdr interrupt is enabled for all received bytes according to the monitor channel protocol (if mre = 1). mie ... monitor interrupt enable monitor interrupt status mer, mda, mab generation is enabled (1) or masked (0). mxc ... mx bit control determines the value of the mx bit: 0: the mx bit is always ? 1 ? . 1: the mx bit is internally controlled according to the monitor channel protocol. 70 mocr mre mrc mie mxc 0 0 0 0 rd/wr (5e h ) psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 detailed register description data sheet 222 2001-03-12 7.3.19 msta - monitor status register value after reset: 00 h mac ... monitor transmit channel active the data transmission in the monitor channel is in progress tout ... time-out read-back value of the tout bit 7.3.20 mconf - monitor configuration register value after reset: 00 h tout ... time-out 0: the monitor time-out function is disabled 1: the monitor time-out function is enabled 70 msta 00000mac0tout rd (5f h ) 70 mconf0000000tout wr (5f h ) psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 detailed register description data sheet 223 2001-03-12 7.4 codec configuration registers 7.4.1 general configuration register (gcr) value after reset: 00 h sp ... speakerphone 0: speakerphone support disabled 1: speakerphone support enabled agcx ... automatic gain control transmit 0: automatic gain control disabled 1: automatic gain control enabled; only if speakerphone support is enabled (sp=1) agcr ... automatic gain control receive 0: automatic gain control disabled 1: automatic gain control enabled; only if speakerphone support is enabled (sp=1) mgcr ... modified gain control receive 0: agcr starts regulation up and down after speech was detected two times 1: agcr starts regulation down of the attenuation immediately, regulation up is done after speech was detected two times 0cme ... controlled monitoring enable (gcr.sp = ? 1 ? ) 0: controlled monitoring disabled 1: controlled monitoring enabled. als attenuation is fixed to the value determined by the atcr.cmas setting note: if transmit speech is detected and lsc > -9.5 db, the als programming is fixed to -9.5 db pu ... power up 0: the codec is in standby mode (power-down); all registers and the coefficient ram contents are saved and all interface functions are available 1: the codec is in normal operation mode (power-up) 70 gcr sp agcx agcr mgcr cme pu att2r att1r rd/wr (60 h ) psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 detailed register description data sheet 224 2001-03-12 att2r ... attenuation of the receive channel related to transmit channel 2 att1r ... attenuation of the receive channel related to transmit channel 1 0: attenuation value for the conferences loop is 0 db 1: attenuation value for the conferences loop loaded from cram 7.4.2 programmable filter configuration register (pfcr) value after reset: 00 h gx ... transmit gain 0: gain set to 0 db 1: gain coefficients loaded from cram gr ... receive gain 0: gain set to 0 db 1: gain coefficients loaded from cram gz ... sidetone gain 0: gain set to db 1: gain coefficients loaded from cram fx ... transmit frequency correction filter 0: filter is bypassed 1: filter coefficients loaded from cram pgz ... position sidetone gain 0: tap of the sidetone signal is before the agc/ghx stage 1: tap of the sidetone signal is after the agc/ghx stage fr ... receive frequency correction filter 0: filter is bypassed 1: filter coefficients loaded from cram dhpr ... disable high-pass receive (50/60 hz filter) 0: filter enabled 1: filter disabled 70 pfcr gx gr gz fx pgz fr dhpr dhpx rd/wr (61 h ) ? psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 detailed register description data sheet 225 2001-03-12 dhpx ... disable high-pass transmit (50/60 hz filter) 0: filter enabled 1: filter disabled 7.4.3 tone generator configuration register (tgcr) value after reset: 00 h et ... enable tone generator 0: tone generator is disabled 1: tone generator is enabled; frequency and gain coefficients loaded from cram dt ... dual tone mode 0: dual tone mode is disabled 1: dual tone mode is enabled; the output of signal generator fd is added to the tone signal which is determined by tm and seq; dual tone mode is only available if tgsr.dtmf = ? 0 ? etf ... enable tone filter 0: tone filter is by-passed 1: tone filter is enabled; filter coefficients loaded from cram pt ... pulsed tone 0: pulsed tone is disabled 1: pulsed tone is enabled; time coefficients loaded from cram seq ... sequence generator 0: sequence generator is disabled, a continuous tone signal is generated 1: sequence generator is enabled; time coefficients loaded from cram tm ... tone mode 0: two-tone sequence is activated when sequence generator is enabled with seq = ? 1 ? otherwise a continuous signal (f1, g1) is generated 1: three-tone sequence is activated when sequence generator is enabled with seq = ? 1 ? otherwise a continuous signal (f2, g2) is generated; three-tone sequence is only available if tgsr.dtmf = ? 0 ? 70 tgcr et dt etf pt seq tm sm sqtr rd/wr (62 h ) psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 detailed register description data sheet 226 2001-03-12 sm ... stop mode 0: automatic stop mode is disabled 1: automatic stop mode is enabled; two and three tone ring gets turned off after the sequence is completed sqtr ... square/trapezoid waveform 0: trapezoid shaped signal is enabled; only available if tone ringing via loudspeaker is disabled with tgsr.trl = ? 0 ? 1: square-wave signal is enabled 7.4.4 tone generator switch register (tgsr) value after reset: 00 h trl ... tone ringing via loudspeaker 0: ringing signal is not output directly to the loudspeaker pins 1: ringing signal (square) is output directly to the loudspeaker pins lsp/lsn trr ... tone ringing receive 0: tone signal for receive direction is disabled 1: tone signal for receive direction is enabled dtmf ... dtmf mode 0: dtmf mode is disabled 1: dtmf mode is enabled trx ... tone ringing transmit 0: tone generator for transmit direction is disabled 1: tone generator for transmit direction is enabled 70 tgsr 0 trl 0 trr dtmf trx 0 0 rd/wr (63 h ) psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 detailed register description data sheet 227 2001-03-12 7.4.5 afe configuration register (acr) value after reset: 00 h sem ... single ended mode (only effective if dlsp and/or dlsn= ? 1 ? ) 0: lsp and/or lsn amplifiers are in power down and grounded internally for single ended mode 1: lsp and/or lsn amplifiers are in power down (high impedance) dhop ... disable hop amplifier 0: hop amplifier in normal mode 1: disable hop amplifier (power down, output high impedance) dhon ... disable hon amplifier 0: hon amplifier in normal mode 1: disable hon amplifier (power down, output high impedance) dlsp ... disable lsp amplifier 0: lsp amplifier in normal mode 1: disable lsp amplifier controlled by sem setting dlsn ... disable lsn amplifier 0: lsn amplifier in normal mode 1: disable lsn amplifier controlled by sem setting 70 acr 0 0 0 sem dhop dhon dlsp dlsn rd/wr (64 h ) psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 detailed register description data sheet 228 2001-03-12 7.4.6 afe transmit configuration register (atcr) value after reset: 00 h mic ... microphone amplifier (ami) control cmas ... controlled monitoring attenuation select 0: in controlled monitoring mode (gcr.cme = ? 1 ? ) the lower als setting is -9.5db 1: in controlled monitoring mode (gcr.cme = ? 1 ? ) the lower als setting is -21.5db aimx ... analog input multiplexer 70 atcr mic 0 cmas aimx rd/wr (65 h ) bit 7 6 5 4 selected mode 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 ami and prefi is in power-down mode 0 db amplification 6 db amplification 12 db amplification 18 db amplification 24 db amplification 30 db amplification 36 db amplification 42 db amplification bypass mode, reserved for internal tests bit 1 0 selected input 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 ami is connected to the pins mip1/min1 (differential input) ami is connected to the pins mip2/min2 (differential input) ami is connected to the pin axi (single-ended input) not used psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 detailed register description data sheet 229 2001-03-12 7.4.7 afe receive configuration register (arcr) value after reset: 00 h hoc ... handset output amplifier (aho) control lsc ... loudspeaker amplifier (als) control 70 arcr hoc lsc rd/wr (66 h ) bit 3 2 1 0 selected mode 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 aho is in power-down mode 2.5 db amplification ? 0.5 db amplification ? 3.5 db amplification ? 6.5 db amplification ? 9.5 db amplification ? 12.5 db amplification ? 15.5 db amplification ? 18.5 db amplification ? 21.5 db amplification bypass mode, reserved for internal tests only bit 3 2 1 0 selected mode 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 als is in power-down mode 11.5 db amplification 8.5 db amplification 5.5 db amplification 2.5 db amplification ? 0.5 db amplification ? 3.5 db amplification ? 6.5 db amplification ? 9.5 db amplification ? 12.5 db amplification ? 15.5 db amplification ? 18.5 db amplification ? 21.5 db amplification ? 24.5 db amplification (only for tgsr.trl = ? 1 ? ) ? 27.5 db amplification (only for tgsr.trl = ? 1 ? ) bypass mode, reserved for internal tests only psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 detailed register description data sheet 230 2001-03-12 7.4.8 data format register (dfr) value after reset: 00 h dfxr ... data format chx receive (chxr) dfxx ... data format chx transmit (chxx) the small letter ? x ? is a variable for channel 2 or 1. 70 dfr df2r df2x df1r df1x rd/wr (67 h ) bit 7,3 bit 6,2 data format chxr codec voice data register 0 0 pcm a-law cox0r 0 1 pcm -law cox0r 1 0 8-bit linear mode cox0r (|sign 15...9| of the internal 16 bit word) 1 1 16-bit linear mode cox0r (msb) (|sign 15...9| of the internal 16 bit word) cox1r (lsb) (|8...1| of the internal 16 bit word) bit 5,1 bit 4,0 data format chxr codec data register 0 0 pcm a-law cox0x 0 1 pcm -law cox0x 1 0 8-bit linear mode cox0x (|sign 15...9| of the internal 16 bit word) 1 1 16-bit linear mode cox0x (msb) (|sign 15...9| of the internal 16 bit word) cox1x (lsb) (|8...1| of the internal 16 bit word) psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 detailed register description data sheet 231 2001-03-12 7.4.9 data source selection register (dssr) value after reset: 00 h dssr ... data source selection receive enx2 ... enable transmit ch2 enx1 ... enable transmit ch1 0: codec transmit data in ch2/ch1 disabled 1: codec transmit data in ch2/ch1 enabled dss2x ... data source selection ch2x dss1x ... data source selection ch1x 70 dssr dssr enx2 enx1 dss2x dss1x rd/wr (68 h ) bit7 6 00idle 01ch1r 10ch2r 1 1 ch1r+ch2r bit3 2 0 0 idle code is transmitted 0 1 xdat is transmitted 10ch1r 1 1 xdat+ ch1r is transmitted bit1 0 0 0 idle code is transmitted 0 1 xdat is transmitted 10ch2r 1 1 xdat+ ch2r is transmitted psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 detailed register description data sheet 232 2001-03-12 7.4.10 extended configuration (xcr) and status (xsr) register extended status register (xsr) if maar in the xcr register is set to ? 0 ? : value after reset: 00 h pgcr ... position of gain control receive (see figure 73 ) read-back of the programmed value pgcx ... position of gain control transmit (see figure 73 ) read-back of the programmed value era ... enhanced reverse attenuation read-back of the programmed value spst ... speakerphone state if maar in the xcr register is set to ? 1 ? : value after reset: 00 h extended configuration register (xcr) value after reset: 00 h 70 xsr pgcr pgcx era 0 0 0 spst rd (69 h ) bit 1 0 description 0 0 speakerphone is in receive mode 0 1 speakerphone is in idle mode (reached via receive mode) 1 0 speakerphone is in transmit mode 1 1 speakerphone is in idle mode (reached via transmit mode) 70 xsr value of the momentary agc attenuation rd (69 h ) 70 xcr pgcr pgcx era 0 0 0 0 maar wr (69 h ) psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 detailed register description data sheet 233 2001-03-12 pgcr ... position of gain control receive (see figure 73 ) 0: in front of the speech detector 1: behind the speech detector pgcx ... position of gain control transmit (see figure 73 ) 0: behind the speech detector 1: in front of the speech detector era ... enhanced reverse attenuation 0: standard reverse attenuation in receive direction 1: enhanced reverse attenuation in receive direction maar ... monitoring agc attenuation receive 0: the monitoring of the agc attenuation receive in the xsr register is disabled. xsr contains the read-back values of xcr register (bit 7:2) and the speakerphone states. 1: the monitoring of the agc attenuation receive in the xsr register is enabled. the momentary agc attenuation can be accessed directly by the microcontroller via xsr register. psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 detailed register description data sheet 234 2001-03-12 7.4.11 mask channel x register (maskxr) value after reset: 00 h maskx ... mask channel x the codec data in channel 1 (ch1x, ch1r) or channel 2 (ch2x,ch2r) respectively is masked with these 6 register bits. the position of this 6 bit mask on the 8 or 16 bit value respectively is determined by the mpx bits. if a mask bit is set to ? 1 ? the data in the corresponding bit position is masked and thus always a ? 1 ? . with a ? 0 ? the data passes unchanged. mpx ... mask position of channel x 70 maskxr maskx mpx rd/wr channel 1: 6a h channel 2: 6b h bit 1 0 description 0 0 bit 5...0 of the codec data register chx0 is masked with maskx 0 1 bit 7...2 of the codec data register chx0 is masked with maskx 1 0 bit 5...0 of the codec data register chx1 is masked with maskx 1 1 bit 7...2 of the codec data register chx1 is masked with maskx psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 detailed register description data sheet 235 2001-03-12 7.4.12 test function configuration register (tfcr) value after reset: 00 h altf ... analog loop and test functions dltf ... digital loop and test functions 70 tfcr 0 0 altf dltf rd/wr (6c h ) bit 5 4 3 test function 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 not: no test mode alf: analog loop via front end alc: analog loop via converter aln: analog loop via noise shaper 1xx reserved bit 2 1 0 test function 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 not: no test mode idr: initialize dram dln: digital loop via noise shaper dls: digital loop via signal processor dlp1: digital loop via codec part ch1 dlp2: digital loop via codec part ch2 11x reserved psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 detailed register description data sheet 236 2001-03-12 7.4.13 cram control (ccr) and status (csr) register the programming of the cram control register (ccr) and the cram status register (csr) is intended for a back-up procedure for the direct access to individual cram coefficients. a detailed description can be found in chapter 4.8.2.1 . cram status register (csr) value after reset: 00 h dca ... dsp cram access read-back of the programmed value bsyb ... busy back-up procedure 0: momentary there is no transfer of cram data to the temporary area running. cram access via microcontroller interface is possible 1: transfer of the cram block psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 detailed register description data sheet 237 2001-03-12 cbadr ... cram block address address of a coefficient block with 8 bytes corresponding to the cop_x sequences (x=0...f) of the codec programming sequences 7.4.14 cram (coefficient ram) address mnemonic description 80 h 81 h 82 h 83 h 84 h 85 h 86 h 87 h - - t1 gd1 g1 f1 reserved reserved beat tone time lower byte beat tone time higher byte trapezoid generator amplitude tone generator amplitude tone generator frequency lower byte tone generator frequency higher byte 88 h 89 h 8a h 8b h 8c h 8d h 8e h 8f h gtx gtr t2 gd2 g2 f2 level adjustment for transmit path level adjustment for receive path beat tone time span lower byte beat tone time span higher byte trapezoid generator amplitude tone generator amplitude tone generator frequency lower byte tone generator frequency higher byte 90 h 91 h 92 h 93 h 94 h 95 h 96 h 97 h fd t3 gd3 g3 f3 dual tone frequency lower byte dual tone frequency higher byte beat tone time span lower byte beat tone time span higher byte trapezoid generator amplitude tone generator amplitude tone generator frequency lower byte tone generator frequency higher byte 98 h 99 h 9a h 9b h 9c h 9d h 9e h 9f h ge a2 a1 k - - - - saturation amplification bandwidth center frequency attenuation of the stop-band reserved reserved reserved reserved psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 detailed register description data sheet 238 2001-03-12 a0 h a1 h a2 h a3 h a4 h a5 h a6 h a7 h toff ton - - - - turn-off period of the tone generator lower byte turn-off period of the tone generator higher byte turn-on period of the tone generator lower byte turn-on period of the tone generator higher byte reserved reserved reserved reserved a8 h a9 h aa h ab h ac h ad h ae h af h - - att2r att1r gr gx reserved reserved conferencing attenuation ch2r conferencing attenuation ch1r receive gain lower byte receive gain higher byte transmit gain lower byte transmit gain higher byte b0 h b1 h b2 h b3 h b4 h b5 h b6 h b7 h - - gz - - - - reserved reserved sidetone gain lower byte sidetone gain higher byte reserved reserved reserved reserved b8 h b9 h ba h bb h bc h bd h be h bf h fx transmit correction filter coefficients part 8 transmit correction filter coefficients part 7 transmit correction filter coefficients part 6 transmit correction filter coefficients part 5 transmit correction filter coefficients part 4 transmit correction filter coefficients part 3 transmit correction filter coefficients part 2 transmit correction filter coefficients part 1 c0 h c1 h c2 h c3 h c4 h c5 h c6 h c7 h fr fx receive correction filter coefficients part 12 receive correction filter coefficients part 11 receive correction filter coefficients part 10 receive correction filter coefficients part 9 transmit correction filter coefficients part 12 transmit correction filter coefficients part 11 transmit correction filter coefficients part 10 transmit correction filter coefficients part 9 address mnemonic description psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 detailed register description data sheet 239 2001-03-12 c8 h c9 h ca h cb h cc h cd h ce h cf h fr receive correction filter coefficients 8 receive correction filter coefficients 7 receive correction filter coefficients 6 receive correction filter coefficients 5 receive correction filter coefficients 4 receive correction filter coefficients 3 receive correction filter coefficients 2 receive correction filter coefficients 1 d0 h d1 h d2 h d3 h d4 h d5 h d6 h d7 h sw ds tw etle etae att gle gae switching time decay speed wait time echo time (line side) echo time (acoustic side) attenuation programmed in ghr or ghx gain of line echo gain of acoustic echo d8 h d9 h da h db h dc h dd h de h df h pdnle gdnle pdsle gdsle pdnae gdnae pdsae gdsae peak decrement when noise is detected (line side) reserve when noise is detected (line side) peak decrement when speech is detected (line side) reserve when speech is detected (line side) peak decrement when noise is detected (acoustic side) reserve when noise is detected (acoustic side) peak decrement when speech is detected (acoustic side) reserve when speech is detected (acoustic side) e0 h e1 h e2 h e3 h e4 h e5 h e6 h e7 h - lp1r lp1x lp2lr lp2lx offr offx lim reserved time constant lp1 (receive) time constant lp1 (transmit) limitation for lp2 (receive) limitation for lp2 (transmit) level offset up to detected noise (receive) level offset up to detected noise (transmit) starting level of the logarithmic amplifiers e8 h e9 h ea h eb h ec h ed h ee h ef h lp2nr lp2sr pdnr pdsr lp2nx lp2sx pdnx pdsx time constant lp2 for noise (receive) time constant lp2 for signal (receive) time constant pd for noise (receive) time constant pd for signal (receive) time constant lp2 for noise (transmit) time constant lp2 for signal (transmit) time constant pd for noise (transmit) time constant pd for signal (transmit) address mnemonic description psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 detailed register description data sheet 240 2001-03-12 f0 h f1 h f2 h f3 h f4 h f5 h f6 h f7 h agix noisx tmlx tmhx agx aax comx lgax initial agc gain transmit threshold for agc-reduction by background noise settling time constant for lower levels settling time constant for higher levels gain range of automatic control attenuation range of automatic control compare level rel. to max. pcm-value loudness gain adjustment f8 h f9 h fa h fb h fc h fd h fe h ff h agir noisr tmlr tmhr agr aar comr lgar initial agc attenuation/gain receive threshold for agc-reduction by background noise settling time constant for lower levels settling time constant for higher lower levels gain range of automatic control attenuation range of automatic control compare level rel. to max. pcm-value loudness gain adjustment address mnemonic description psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 electrical characteristics data sheet 241 2001-03-12 8 electrical characteristics 8.1 electrical characteristics (general part) note: stresses above those listed here may cause permanent damage to the device. exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. maximum ratings are absolute ratings; exceeding only one of these values may cause irreversible damage to the integrated circuit. 8.1.1 absolute maximum ratings parameter symbol limit values unit min. max. storage temperature t stg ? 65 150 c input/output voltage on any pin with respect to ground v s ? 0.3 v dd + 0.3 v maximum voltage on any pin with respect to ground v max 7v 8.1.2 dc-characteristics v dd / v ss = 5 v 5 %; 3.3v 5 % ; t a = 0 to 70 c parameter symbol limit values unit test condition min. typ. max. h-input level (except pin xtal1) v ih 2.0 v dd + 0.3 v l-input level (except pin xtal1) v il ? 0.3 0.8 v h-output level (except pin xtal2, ad0...7) v oh 2.4 v i o = -400 a l-output level (except pin xtal2, du, dd, ad0...7) v ol 0.45 v i o = 2 ma h-output level (pins ad0...7) v oh 2.4 v i o = -2 ma l-output level (pins ad0...7) v ol 0.45 v i o = 2.5 ma psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 electrical characteristics data sheet 242 2001-03-12 8.1.3 capacitances t a = 25 c, v dd = 5 v 5 %, 3.3v 5 % v ssa = 0 v, v ssd = 0 v, f c = 1 mhz, unmeasured pins grounded. l-output level (pins du,dd) v ol 0.45 v i o = 7ma h-input level (pin xtal1) v ih v dd -0.5 v dd v l-input level (pin xtal1) v il 00.4v input leakage current output leakage current (all pins except sx1,2,sr1,2,xtal1,2 bgref, v ref ) i li i lo -1 -1 1 1 a a 0v< v in psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 electrical characteristics data sheet 244 2001-03-12 xtal1 clock characteristics (external oscillator input) 8.1.5 ac characteristics t a = 0 to 70 c, v dd = 5 v 5%, v dd = 3.3 v 5% inputs are driven to 2.4 v for a logical "1" and to 0.45 v for a logical "0". timing measurements are made at 2.0 v for a logical "1" and 0.8 v for a logical "0". the ac testing input/output waveforms are shown in figure 94. figure 94 input/output waveform for ac tests parameter limit values min. max. duty cycle 1:2 2:1 its09660 = 100 load c test under device 0.45 2.4 2.0 0.8 0.8 2.0 test points pf psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 electrical characteristics data sheet 245 2001-03-12 8.1.6 iom-2 interface timing figure 95 iom ? timing bcl (0) sds1/2 du/dd (0) du/dd (i) dcl (0) fsc (0) t iis t iih t fsd t iod t sdd t bcd t bcd itd09663.vsd psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 electrical characteristics data sheet 246 2001-03-12 dcl clock characteristics figure 96 definition of clock period and width parameter symbol limit values unit min. typ. max. iom output data delay t iod 100 ns iom input data setup t iis 20 ns iom input data hold t iih 20 ns fsc strobe delay t fsd -130 ns strobe signal delay t sdd 120 ns bcl / dcl delay t bcd 100 ns frame sync setup t fss 50 ns frame sync hold t fsh 30 ns frame sync width t fsw 40 ns symbol limit values unit test condition min. typ. max. t po 585 651 717 ns osc 100 ppm t who 260 325 391 ns osc 100 ppm t wlo 260 325 391 ns osc 100 ppm 0.9 v dd 0.1 v dd psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 electrical characteristics data sheet 247 2001-03-12 8.1.7 microcontroller interface timing 8.1.7.1 serial control interface (sci) timing figure 97 sci interface parameter sci interface symbol limit values unit min max sclk cycle time t 1 500 ns sclk high time t 2 100 ns sclk low time t 3 100 ns cs setup time t 4 0ns cs hold time t 5 10 ns sdr setup time t 6 40 ns sdr hold time t 7 40 ns sdx data out delay t 8 80 ns cs high to sdx tristate t 9 40 ns sclk to sdx active t 10 80 ns cs sclk sdr sdx t 4 t 2 t 3 t 1 t 10 t 9 t 5 t 6 t 7 t 8 psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 electrical characteristics data sheet 248 2001-03-12 8.1.7.2 parallel microcontroller interface timing siemens/intel bus mode figure 98 microprocessor read cycle figure 99 microprocessor write cycle figure 100 multiplexed address timing psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 electrical characteristics data sheet 249 2001-03-12 figure 101 non-multiplexed address timing motorola bus mode figure 102 microprocessor read timing figure 103 microprocessor write cycle itt09661 wr x cs or a0-a7 t ah t as address rd x cs itt09679 cs x ds d0 - d7 t dw data t wd dsd t ww tt wi r / w t rwd psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 electrical characteristics data sheet 250 2001-03-12 figure 104 non-multiplexed address timing microprocessor interface timing parameter symbol limit values unit min. max. ale pulse width t aa 50 ns address setup time to ale t al 15 ns address hold time from ale t la 10 ns address latch setup time to wr , rd t als 10 ns address setup time t as 25 ns address hold time t ah 10 ns ale guard time t ad 15 ns ds delay after r/w setup t dsd 20 ns rd pulse width t rr 110 ns data output delay from rd t rd 95 ns data float from rd t df 25 ns rd control interval t ri 70 ns w pulse width t ww 60 ns data setup time to w x cs t dw 35 ns data hold time w x cs t wd 10 ns w control interval t wi 70 ns r/w hold from cs x ds inactive t rwd 30 ns itt09662 cs x ds ad0 - ad7 t ah t as psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 electrical characteristics data sheet 251 2001-03-12 8.1.8 reset 8.2 electrical characteristics (transceiver part) table 29 reset signal characteristics parameter symbol limit values unit test conditions min. length of active low state t rst 4 ms power on/power down to power up (standby) 2 x dcl clock cycles during power up (standby) dc characteristics v dd = 3.3 v 5 % , vss = 0 v; t a = 0 to 70 c parameter symbol limit values unit test condition min. typ. max. power supply current- power-up (after reset) i duar 4ma power supply current- power down i dpd 1.1 ma power supply current- tranceiver active, sending continous pulses i dtcp 12 ma 100 ohms load on the line power supply current- tranceiver active, sending single pulses i dtsp 10 ma 100 ohms load on the line power supply current- codec powered up i dcpu 6ma power supply current- tone generation active (single tone generated) i dtg 18 ma -18.5 db amplification 50 ohms load psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 electrical characteristics data sheet 252 2001-03-12 x dc characteristics v dd = 5 v 5 % , vss = 0 v; t a = 0 to 70 c parameter symbol limit values unit test condition min. typ. max. power supply current- power-up (after reset) i duar 4.5 ma power supply current- power down i dpd 1.4 ma power supply current- tranceiver active, sending continous pulses i dtcp 27.0 ma 100 ohms load on the line power supply current- tranceiver active, sending single pulses i dtsp 12.0 ma 100 ohms load on the line power supply current- codec powered up i dcpu 6.5 ma power supply current- tone generation active (single tone generated) i dtg 25.0 ma -18.5 db amplification 50 ohms load dc characteristics v dd = 5v 5 %; 3.3v 5 %; v ss = 0v; t a = 0 to 70 c parameter symbol limit values unit test condition remarks min max transmitter output impedance z x 10 0 k ? ? inactive or during binary one during binary zero r l = 50 ? sx1,2 receiver input impedance z r 40 k ? sr1,2 single ended psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 electrical characteristics data sheet 253 2001-03-12 8.3 electrical characteristics (codec part) note: operating power dissipation is measured with all analog outputs open. all analog inputs are set to vref. the digital input signal (pin dd) is set to an idle code. 8.3.1 dc characteristics v dd = 3.3v 5 % ; v ss = 0v; t a = 0 to 70 c parameter symbol limit values unit test condition min. typ. max. power supply current in emergency ringing mode (afe) handset mode (afe) speakerphone mode (afe) loudhearing mode (afe) i tr i hs i sp i lh 9 10 11 13 ma ma ma ma f tr = 400 hz square wave; a ls = -3.5db v dd = 5v 5 % ; v ss = 0v; t a = 0 to 70 c parameter symbol limit values unit test condition min. typ. max. power supply current in emergency ringing mode (afe) handset mode (afe) speakerphone mode (afe) loudhearing mode (afe) i tr i hs i sp i lh 12 13 14 16 ma ma ma ma f tr = 400 hz square wave; a ls = -3.5db psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 electrical characteristics data sheet 254 2001-03-12 transmission characteristics v dd = 5 v 5 %; v dd = 3.3 v 5 %; v ss = 0 v; t a = 0 to 70 c parameter limit values unit test condition min. max. overall programming range (with specified transmission characteristics) ? 21.5 ? 21.5 0 0 11.5 2.5 36 24 db db db db receive: loudspeaker earpiece transmit: differential inputs single ended input programmable afe gain ? 0.5 ? 1.0 0.5 1.0 db db step accuracy overall accuracy attenuation distortion @ 0 dbm0 0 ? 0.25 ? 0.25 ? 0.25 ? 0.25 0 0.25 0.45 0.9 db db db db db db < 200 hz 200 ? 300 hz 300 ? 2400 hz 2400 ? 3000 hz 3000 ? 3400 hz > 3400 hz out-of-band signals ? 35 ? 45 ? 45 ? 65 ? 35 ? 40 db db db db db db receive (tgsr.era=0): 4.6 khz 8.0 khz receive(tgsr.era=1): 4.6 khz 8.0 khz transmit: 4.6 khz 8.0 khz group delay distortion @ 0 dbm0 1) 750 380 130 750 s s s s tgsr.era=0 500 ? 600 hz 600 ? 1000 hz 1000 ? 2600 hz 2600 ? 2800 hz signal-to-total distortion (method 2, sinewave 1khz) 35 29 24 db db db 0 to ? 30 dbm0 ? 40 dbm0 ? 45 dbm0 gain tracking (method 2) @ ? 10 dbm0 ? 0.3 ? 0.6 ? 1.6 0.3 0.6 1.6 db db db 3 to ? 40 dbm0 ? 40 to ? 50 dbm0 ? 50 to ? 55 dbm0 psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 electrical characteristics data sheet 255 2001-03-12 idle-channel noise ? 75 ? 66 dbm0 dbm0 receive (a-law; psoph.) transmit (a-law; psoph.) cross-talk ? 66 db reference: 0 dbm0 1) delay measurements include delays through the a/d and d/a with all features filters fx, gx, fr and gr disabled. transmission characteristics (cont ? d) v dd = 5 v 5 %; v dd = 3.3 v 5 %; v ss = 0 v; t a = 0 to 70 c parameter limit values unit test condition min. max. psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 electrical characteristics data sheet 256 2001-03-12 8.3.2 analog front end input characteristics v dd = 5v 5 %; 3.3v 5 %; v ss = 0v; t a = 0 to 70 c parameter symbol limit values unit test condition min. typ max. ami-input impedance z ami 12.5 15 k ? 300 ? 3400 hz ami-input voltage swing with specified transmission characteristics v ami 19 38 mvp mvp 36 db; v dd =3.3v 36 db; v dd =5v v ami_dif 1.2 2.4 vp vp differential; 0 db; v dd =3.3v 0 db; v dd =5v v ami_single 0.75 1.67 vp vp single ended; 0 db; v dd =3.3v 0 db; v dd =5v 8.3.3 analog front end output characteristics v dd = 5v 5 %; 3.3v 5 % ; t a = 0 to 70 c aho-output impedance z aho 2 ? 300 ? 3400 hz als-output impedance z als 2 ? 300 ? 3400 hz v ref output impedance z vref 710 ? load measured from v ref to v ssa v ref output voltage v vref 2.25 2.4 2.55 v i vref = ? 2 ma bgref output impedance z bgref 200 300 400 k ? v dd = 5v 5 % aho-output voltage swing v aho 3.2 vpk load (200 ?) measured from hop to hon als-output voltage swing v als 3.2 vpk load (50 ?) measured from lsp to lsn psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 electrical characteristics data sheet 257 2001-03-12 the maximum output voltage swing corresponds to the maximum incoming pcm-code ( 127) v dd = 3.3v 5 % ; t a = 0 to 70 c aho-output voltage swing v aho 1.6 vpk load (200 ?) measured from hop to hon als-output voltage swing v als 1.6 vpk load (25 ?) measured from lsp to lsn parameter symbol limit values unit test condition min. typ max. psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 electrical characteristics data sheet 258 2001-03-12 9 package outlines p-mqfp-44-1 (smd) (plastic metric quad flat package) sorts of packing package outlines for tubes, trays etc. are contained in our dimensions in mm smd = surface mounted device psb 21381/2 psb 21383/4 electrical characteristics data sheet 259 2001-03-12 p-mqfp-64-1 (smd) (plastic metric quad flat package) sorts of packing package outlines for tubes, trays etc. are contained in our dimensions in mm smd = surface mounted device http://www.infineon.com published by infineon technologies ag infineon goes for business excellence ? business excellence means intelligent approaches and clearly defined processes, which are both constantly under review and ultimately lead to good operating results. better operating results and business excellence mean less idleness and wastefulness for all of us, more professional success, more accurate information, a better overview and, thereby, less frustration and more satisfaction. ? dr. ulrich schumacher |
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